JNTU BIOTECH PREVIOUS PAPERS+GRE+IELTS: 2008

Friday, December 12, 2008

Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops

Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops
Pages: 748
This book is a comprehensive reference work on our current knowledge of the biotechnology of all the major temperate, sub-tropical and tropical fruit and nut crops of the world. It is in part a new edition of Biotechnology of Perennial Fruit Crops (eds Hammerschlag and Litz, CABI, 1992), but differs from the previous book by covering more fruit crops as well as nuts, and also omitting general methods chapters. Contributors are leading researchers from the Americas, Europe, Australasia and Africa.
http://rapidshare.com/files/82502144/0-85199-662-0.rar
http://mihd.net/k94rbi

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-SUPPLY2K7-RR

Code No: RR222303 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. State the importance of enzymes in medical diagnosis. [16]
2. How enzymes are preliminarily purified from a crude enzyme extract? [16]
3. Give an account of various factors that affect enzyme catalyzed reaction. [16]
4. Derive the general rate equation of Alberty for multi-substrate enzyme catalyzed
reaction. [16]
5. Explain the kinetics of competitive inhibition. Add a note on its importance. [16]
6. Write the merits and demerits of enzyme immobilization techniques. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. What are the different types of transducer used in biosensors? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. State the importance of coenzymes and cofactors in enzyme catalysis. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Distinguish between the lock & key and Induced Fit models for binding of a substrate
to an enzyme. [16]
4. Discuss about the Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes plot and state their edge over the LB
plot. [16]
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
[16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Enumerate the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are enzymes? Justify its role as biocatalysts. [16]
2. Discuss the methods employed for isolating enzymes soluble in cytoplasm and sub
cellular organelles from animal, Plant and microbial sources. [16]
3. Distinguish between the lock & key and Induced Fit models for binding of a sub-
strate to an enzyme. [16]
4. Discuss the kinetics for reversible reactions. [16]
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
[16]
6. Give an account of analytical application of immobilized enzymes. [16]
7. Formulate and calculate dimensionless groups and effectiveness factor. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss enzyme classification in terms of four-digit classification number? [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Explain the energetics of enzyme-substrate complex formation. [16]
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant. [16]
5. Explain various types of enzyme inhibition with relevant examples. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-SUPPLY2K6-RR

Code No: RR222303 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. State the importance of enzymes in medical diagnosis. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Give an account of various factors that affect enzyme catalyzed reaction. [16]
4. Write the significance of MM equation. [16]
5. Explain various types of enzyme inhibition with relevant examples. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Discuss about the dynamic models of bioreactors. [16]
8. Discuss the design of enzyme electrodes. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are enzymes? Justify its role as biocatalysts. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Give an account of various factors that affect enzyme catalyzed reaction. [16]
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant. [16]
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
[16]
6. Discuss about the interactions and carries used for enzyme immobilization by ad-
sorption. [16]
7. Discuss the design and application of packed bed reactors. [16]
8. What are the different types of transducer used in biosensors? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss the importance of enzymes in pharmaceutical industry? [16]
2. How are enzymes characterized? What are the importances of enzyme characteri-
zation? [16]
3. Discuss different types of enzyme specificity with suitable examples. [16]
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant. [16]
5. How MWC model account for cooperativity and explain allosteric regulation. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. State the importance of enzymes in medical diagnosis. [16]
2. How enzymes are preliminarily purified from a crude enzyme extract? [16]
3. Discuss why the lock & key model could lead to an inefficient enzyme mechanism
and induced fit model to an efficient enzyme mechanism. [16]
4. Discuss about the Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes plot and state their edge over the LB
plot. [16]
5. What are allosteric enzymes? Discuss their role in the regulation of a metabolic
pathway. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. How enzyme electrodes are useful in health care industry as biosensor. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-REG 2K6-RR

Code No: RR222303 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write about the application of enzymes in food industries. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Discuss different types of enzyme specificity with suitable examples. [16]
4. Derive the general rate equation of Alberty for multi-substrate enzyme catalyzed
reaction. [16]
5. Discuss allosteric enzymes in terms of cooperativity. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Discuss about the effect of mass transfer resistance in immobilized enzymes. [16]
8. Discuss the design of enzyme electrodes. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss enzyme classification in terms of four-digit classification number? [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Discuss why the lock & key model could lead to an inefficient enzyme mechanism
and induced fit model to an efficient enzyme mechanism. [16]
4. Derive the general rate equation of Alberty for multi-substrate enzyme catalyzed
reaction. [16]
5. Discuss and compare the non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition based on
their kinetics. [16]
6. Discuss in detail about the across linking method for enzyme immobilization. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. How enzyme electrodes are useful in health care industry as biosensor. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss enzyme classification in terms of four-digit classification number? [16]
2. Discuss the methods employed for isolating enzymes soluble in cytoplasm and sub
cellular organelles from animal, Plant and microbial sources. [16]
3. Enumerate Lock & Key model and Koshland’s Induced Fit model. [16]
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant. [16]
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
[16]
6. Discuss about the medical application of immobilized enzymes. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2006
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Enumerate the diagnostic importance of enzymes. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Discuss different types of enzyme specificity with suitable examples. [16]
4. Discuss the kinetics for reversible reactions. [16]
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
[16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Discuss about the dynamic models of bioreactors. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-SUPPLY2K5-RR

Code No: RR222303 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write about the application of enzymes in food industries. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Give an account of architecture and salient features of active site of an enzyme.
[16]
4. Discuss about the Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes plot and state their edge over the LB
plot. [16]
5. What are substrate and product inhibition? Explain. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Discuss the design and application of packed bed reactors. [16]
8. Write the application of enzyme electrodes as biosensor in various industries. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. State the importance of enzymes in medical diagnosis. [16]
2. How enzymes are preliminarily purified from a crude enzyme extract? [16]
3. Discuss different types of enzyme specificity with suitable examples. [16]
4. Discuss the kinetics for reversible reactions. [16]
5. What are substrate and product inhibition? Explain. [16]
6. Compare and contrast the characteristics of different methods of enzyme immobi-
lization. [16]
7. Define and explain intraparticle diffusion and reaction. [16]
8. Discuss the design of enzyme electrodes. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss in detail about the analytical application of enzymes. [16]
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources. [16]
3. Discuss why the lock & key model could lead to an inefficient enzyme mechanism
and induced fit model to an efficient enzyme mechanism. [16]
4. Write the significance of MM equation. [16]
5. Discuss allosteric enzymes in terms of cooperativity. [16]
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization. [16]
7. Give an account of fluidized bed reactor. State its important applications. [16]
8. Write the application of enzyme electrodes as biosensor in various industries. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec 2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss enzyme classification in terms of four-digit classification number? [16]
2. What are the analytical techniques employed fro obtaining highly purified enzyme
preparation. [16]
3. Give an account of architecture and salient features of active site of an enzyme.
[16]
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant. [16]
5. How MWC model account for cooperativity and explain allosteric regulation. [16]
6. Discuss about the interactions and carries used for enzyme immobilization by ad-
sorption. [16]
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors. [16]
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-REG-2K5-RR

Code No: RR222303 Set No.1
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Discuss the importance of enzymes in pharmaceutical industry?
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources.
3. Explain substrate strain and transition state theory.
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant.
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization
7. Give an account of different types of immobilized enzyme reactors.
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis.
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No.2
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are enzymes? Justify its role as biocatalysts.
2. How are enzymes characterized? What are the importances of enzyme characteri-
zation?
3. Distinguish between the lock & key and Induced Fit models for binding of a sub-
strate to an enzyme.
4. Write the significance of MM equation.
5. How Koshland-Nemethy-Filmer (KNF) model account for allosteric regulation.
6. Write a brief note about different techniques employed for immobilizing enzymes
7. Give an account of fluidized bed reactor. State its important applications.
8. Discuss the design of enzyme electrodes.
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No.3
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Discuss enzyme classification in terms of four-digit classification number?
2. Describe the procedures of enzyme isolation from natural sources.
3. Discuss why the lock & key model could lead to an inefficient enzyme mechanism
and induced fit model to an efficient enzyme mechanism.
4. Derive Michaelis-Menten equation. State the importance of MM constant.
5. What are substrate and product inhibition? Explain.
6. Discuss in detail about the across linking method for enzyme immobilization.
7. Discuss about the dynamic models of bioreactors.
8. Write the application of enzyme electrodes as biosensor in various industries.
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR222303 Set No.4
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. State the importance of enzymes in medical diagnosis.
2. What are the analytical techniques employed fro obtaining highly purified enzyme
preparation.
3. Explain substrate strain and transition state theory.
4. Discuss about the Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes plot and state their edge over the LB
plot.
5. What are substrate and product inhibition? Explain.
6. Discuss the important criteria and prerequisite for selecting support for enzyme
immobilization
7. Define and explain intraparticle diffusion and reaction.
8. Enumerate the application of enzymes in analysis.
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-REG RR-2K4

Code No.: RR-222303
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(BioTechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. What are Enzymes? Give an account on the role of Enzymes in biological
systems.
2. Write an essay on production of enzymes from plants and animals.
3. Write a note on factors altering enzyme activity.
4. Discuss the general features of enzyme kinetics. What is Michaelis-Menton
equation?
5. Mention the different kinds of techniques that can be used for immobilization of
an enzyme.
6. How the kinetics of immobilized enzymes differ from that for the soluble
enzymes?
7. What is an ‘ideal enzyme reactor’? Discuss the various causes that influence the
performance of an enzyme reactor. What are ‘mass transfer’ effects ( as seen in
an enzyme reactor ) ?
8. Discuss different applications of enzymes in analytical field.
- - -
Set. No.
1
Code No.: RR-222303
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(BioTechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. What are the differences between the free and immobilized enzymes?
2. Give an account on purification of enzymes from different sources (plant, animal
and microbial source)?
3. Discuss about concentration of substrate on enzyme activity. Also make a note of
Lineweaver-Burke Plot.
4. Discuss the various parameters that are involved in the Michaelis-Menton
equation and their significance.
5. Discuss in detail technique involved for enzyme immobilization.
6. List all major factors involved for the differentiation of enzymes.
7. Explain the quantitative relationship between the substarate concentration and the
rate of an enzymatic reaction. What is the significance of Km value.
8. How would you design an enzyme electrode? Explain with a suitable example.
- - -
Set No.
2
Code No.: RR-222303
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(BioTechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. Write an essay on the enzyme isolation and purification.
2. Discuss in detail various methods for characterization of enzymes.
3. What is an active site of an enzyme? How the active site involves in enzyme
substrate complex formation?
4. Describe graphically the different types of enzyme inhibition and explain their
nature.
5. Discuss 3 examples of application of immobilized enzymes. Mention the kind of
immobilization techniques used.
6. Discuss the kinetics and applications of immobilized enzymes.
7. Discuss the general design concentrations that are required for enzyme reactors.
Write down the salient features of the operational stability and optimization of
enzyme reactors.
8. Discuss the concept of biosensors. What are their applications in industry?
- - -
Set No.
3
Code No.: RR-222303
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May 2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(BioTechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. Outline the steps that are involved in the isolation of an enzyme from a biological
system.
2. Outline steps involved in the development of enzymatic assays.
3. Explain the following:
(a) Specificity of enzyme action.
(b) Kinetics of single substrate reactions.
(c) Turnover number.
4. What are allosteric enzymes? How allosteric enzymes differ (in their kinetic
behavior) from normal enzymes?
5. Write the advantages and disadvantages of different immobilization techniques.
6. Write a note on calculation of effectiveness of immobilized enzymes.
7. Explain the following:
(a) Ideal reactors
(b) Reactor dynamics
(c) Enzyme deactivation.
8. What do you understand by the term biosensor? What are its applications in
healthcare and environment?
- - -
Set No.
4

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Code No: RR-222303
II B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1.a) Explain the enzyme classification with examples for each class.
b) Explain the terms apoenzyme, holoenzyme, coenzyme and prostethic group.
2.a) Explain the different methods available for enzyme purification.
b) How would you characterize an enzyme.
3.a) Discuss the application of enzymes in food, pharme and medical fields.
b) How are enzymatic assays developed? Discuss with any example.
4.a) What are the different types of inhibition.
b) Discuss briefly the kinetics of single substrate reactions and multiple substrate
reactions.
5. Explain the following:
a) Allosteric regulation.
b) Deactivations of enzymes
c) Energetic of enzyme-substrate complex formation.
d) Factors affecting enzyme activity.
6. What are the different techniques used for enzyme immobilization? Comment on the
advantages and disadvantages of each of these techniques.
7. Write short notes on:
a) Applications of immobilized enzymes.
b) Uses of enzymes in different areas.
8. Comment on any TWO of the following:
a) Mass transfer effects in immobilized enzymes.
b) Biosensors
c) Applications of enzyme electrodes.
@^@^@
Set No.
1
Code No: RR-222303
II B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1.a) Discuss the six main classes of enzymes.
b) Comment on the application of enzymes in pharmaceutical industries.
2.a) Define the terms:
1. Turnover number
2. Michaelis Menton constant.
b) Discuss the different types of enzyme inhibition.
3.a) What are the different immobilization techniques that can be used for
immobilization?
b) Comment on the different applications of immobilized enzymes.
4. Write notes on:
a) Fluidized-bed reactors
b) Packed bed reactors.
5. What are Biosensors? Discuss their applications in different areas.
6.a) Derive the Michaalis- Menton Equation.
b) Discuss allosteric enzymes and the kinetics of allosteric enzymes.
7.a) Write a note on development of enzyme assays.
b) Discuss the different methods involved in purification of enzymes.
8. Write notes on:
a) Mechanism of enzyme action.
b) Applications of enzymes in analysis.
$*$*$
Set No.
2
Code No: RR-222303
II B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1.a) What are enzymes? How are they classified? Explain.
b) How are enzymes extracted from various sources? What precautions are required to
be taken while isolating the enzymes?
2. Explain what you understand by the following:
(a) Turnover number.
(b) Michaelis menton constant.
(c) Prosthetic group.
(d) Allosteric enzymes.
3.a) Discuss the uses of enzymes in different areas.
b) What do you understand by the terms competitive and non competitive inhibition?
Explain.
4. Write short notes on:
a) End product inhibition.
b) Significance of end product inhibition in biological systems.
c) Applications of immobilized enzymes.
d) Activation energy.
5.a) Derive Michaelis Menton Equation.
b) How do the kinetics differ in the case of reactions catalyzed by allosteric enzymes.
6. Discuss the various physical and chemical techniques used for enzyme
immobilization.
7. Write notes on:
a) Kinetics of immobilized enzyme reactors.
b) Immobilized enzyme reactors.
8. Discuss the principle behind design of enzyme electrodes and their applications as
biosensors in different areas.
@^@^@
Set No.
3
Code No: RR-222303
II B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1.a) Comment on the applications of enzymes in different areas.
b) How can you obtain crude enzyme extracts from different sources? Discuss with
examples?
2.a) Derive the Michaelis Menton equation.
b) Discuss different types of enzyme inhibition with kinetic models.
3. Explain the following:
a) Turnover number
b) Deactivations of enzymes
c) Allosteric enzymes
d) Allosteric Regulator
4.a) Discuss the physical techniques available for enzyme immobilization.
b) Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of enzyme immobilization.
5.a) Discuss the design of immobilized enzyme reactors.
b) Discuss the mass transfer effects in immobilized enzyme systems.
6. Discuss the methods involved in enzyme purification.
7. Write notes on:
a) Development of enzyme assays.
b) Characterization of enzymes.
8.a) Design of enzyme biosensors.
b) Application of Biosensors in different areas.
@&@&@
Set No.
4

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

BIOTECH COMPANIES N INSTITUTES OFFERING PROJECTS FOR ACADEMIC STUDENTS

BIOTECH COMPANIES FOR ACADEMIC PROJECT
AMRI. http://www.amriglobal.com
Anshul Biotechnologies.http://www.anshulbiotech.com/
Avra Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. www.avralab.com/
Advanta India.http://www.advantaindia.com/
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.http://www.aurobindo.com/
AG Biotek Laboratories.http://www.agbiotek.com/index.html
Bharat Biotech International Ltd.http://www.bharatbiotech.com/
Bijam Biosciences Ltd.Biological E. Ltd.http://www.biologicale.com/
Bioserve Biotechnologies Ltd.http://www.bioserve.com/
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.http://www.drreddys.com/
Genotex International (India) Pvt. Ltd.GVK Bio Pvt. Ltd.http://www.gvkbio.com/
Indigene Pharmaceuticals Ltd.http://www.indigenepharma.com/
Indus Biosciences Pvt Ltd. http://www.indusbio.com/
Jupiter Biosciences Ltd.http://www.jupiterbioscience.com/
Krebs Biochemicals Ltd.http://www.krebsbiochem.com/
Microbiomed Products Ltd.Matrix Laboratories ltd.http://www.matrixlabsindia.com/index.html
Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd.http://www.nuziveeduseeds.com/
Prabhat Agri Biotech Pvt. Ltd.6-3-540/10, 1st Floor, Opposite S. B. H., Punjagutta, Hyd
Transgene Biotech Ltd ,Ida bollaram ,Office Address C-44, Madhura Nagar, S R Nagar Post,Hyd
Shantha Biotech.http://www.shanthabiotech.com/
Vimta Labs Pvt. Ltd. 142, IDA, Phase II, Cherlapally,Hyd
Virchow Biotech Pvt Ltd.http://virchowbiotech.com/
Vivimed Labs Ltd. http://www.vivimedlabs.com/
R&D AND GOVT INSTITUTES
Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural Universityhttp://www.angrau.net/
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biologyhttp://www.ccmb.res.in/
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnosticshttp://www.in.embnet.org/
Indian Institute of Chemical Technologyhttp://www.iictindia.org/
Indian Immunologicals Limitedhttp://www.indimmune.com/
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics(ICRISAT)http://www.icrisat.org/
JNTU,Centre for Biotechnology,Hydhttp://www.jntu.ac.in/ipgsr/centre_biotech.htm
L V Prasad Eye Institutehttp://www.lvpei.org/
National Institute of Nutritionhttp://www.ninindia.org/
University of Hyderabadhttp://www.uohyd.ernet.in/
Environment Protection Training and Research Institutehttp://www.eptri.com/
International Institute of Information Technologyhttp://www.iiit.net/

BIOTECH PROJECTS OFFERING INSTITUTES

)ARAVINDA BIOSOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
,#325-326,
KUBERA TOWERS,
NARAYANAGUDA,
HYDERABAD – 500 029
ANDHRA PRADESH,
INDIA.
PHONES:040-66628773, 66628774,
www.aravindabio.com
2)BARWALE FOUNDATION
H. No. 8-2-703,
A.G. Heights,
Road No.12,
Banjara Hills
Hyderabad 500 034,
A.P.,
India
Phone: 91-40-23307632, 23307812,
www.barwalefoundation.org
2)BIOCAMPUS,
GVK BIOsciences PVT LTD,
S-1 phase I,
Technocrats industrial estates,
Balanagar,HYD,
http://www.bio-campus.com
3) BIOMED INFORMATICS,
Medwin Hospitals Academic Block
, Ist Floor Medwin Hospitals,
Nampally,
Hyderabad
Phone : +91-40-66821025
http://www.biomedlifesciences.com
4) BIOWORLD RESEARCH TECHNOLOGIES
#6-3-657/F1,
Kapadia Lane,
Somajiguda,
Hyderabad - 500 082.
Andhra Pradesh.
INDIA.
Phone :040 - 30230316Mobile : +91 - 98493 34293,
www.bioworld.co.in
5)DNA RESAEARCH CENTRE
12-8-259/1 103,
Near Aaiyappa Temple
Mettuguda
Hyderabad-500017
http://www.dnares.in
6)GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY,
Affiliated to Punjab University 3-6-276/2,
Sai Triveni Chambers,
Above Mahesh Bank,
Himayat Nagar,
Hyderabad,
www.globalbiotek.net
7)INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
62/a, 1st Floor,
Sundari Reddy Bhavan,
Besides Heritage Fresh,
Vengal Rao Nagar,
Hyderabad,
http://www.ushabiotech.com/ibt/default.aspx
8)NTHRYS BIOTECH
Mobile : 9849854748Phone : 04027621248
Address : 1-8-747/11,
Baghlingampally,
Hyderabad,
www.nthrys.com
9)VENTURA INSTITUTE OF BIOSCIENCES
16-11-20/13/4/1/ABC
Opp. SRO Office
Adjacent lane of Meghana Degree CollegeMoosarambagh,
Dilsukhnagar,Hyd,
www.venturabio.com

Wednesday, November 26, 2008

How to Prepare for the TOEFL: Test of English As a Foreign language

How to Prepare for the
T.O.E.F.L.: Test of English As a Foreign Language
Author: Pamela Sharpe
Publisher: Barron’s Educational Series
Date: 2004-06-01
Pages: 720
Size: 10×28.6 + 1×8.8 Mb
This new 11th edition offers complete and up-to date preparation for the Paper-Based TOEFL and the Computer-Based TOEFL, with a preview of the Next Generation TOEFL test. There is extensive practice-even for students who don’t have access to a computer. The manual includes a review chapter for each section of the TOEFL, including the new Speaking Section, and presents nine full-length model tests for the Computer-Based TOEFL, with questions answered and explained, along with one full-length model test for the Next Generation TOEFL and a practice test for the TOEFL Academic Speaking Test (TAST), with example answers. This compact disc-and-book package provides the audio versions for the Listening Comprehension sections of all model tests
links:
part 1:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663301/BARRONS_TOEFL.part01.rar.html
part 2:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663297/BARRONS_TOEFL.part02.rar.html
part 3:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663303/BARRONS_TOEFL.part03.rar.html
part 4:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663287/BARRONS_TOEFL.part04.rar.html
part 5:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663376/BARRONS_TOEFL.part05.rar.html
part 6:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663311/BARRONS_TOEFL.part06.rar.html
part 7:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663309/BARRONS_TOEFL.part07.rar.html
part 8:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663319/BARRONS_TOEFL.part08.rar.html
part 9:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663372/BARRONS_TOEFL.part09.rar.html
part 10:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663294/BARRONS_TOEFL.part10.rar.html
part 11:http://rapidshare.com/files/8663282/BARRONS_TOEFL.part11.rar.html

Barron's How to Prepare for the TOEFL 10th Edition

Barron's How to Prepare for the TOEFL - CDROM - 10th Editioninteractive CDROM iso language: english 2 x 100 + 95,7 MB
The CD-ROM package presents a practice TOEFL exam in a computer adaptive format, in addition to eight on-screen model tests for the Computer-Based TOEFL and one on-screen model test for the Next Generation TOEFL. The audio compact discs, cassette tapes, or computer CD-ROM may be purchased as separate items.Although this is 10th. ed., you can follow the excercises in the same way, as they are of similar kind.

It is an iso file, so you have to burn to a CD or open with Winiso or similar, then just double click on TOEFL.exe

links:
part 1:http://rapidshare.com/files/51780526/Tef_B_HTP_xyp.part1.rar
part:2http://rapidshare.com/files/51790399/Tef_B_HTP_xyp.part2.rar
part 3:http://rapidshare.com/files/51799909/Tef_B_HTP_xyp.part3.rar

Sunday, November 23, 2008

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K8

Code No: R05222303 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Represent a melting curve of a double helix DNA and explain it in detail? [16]
2. Write a note on the famous Messelson & Stahl experiment on proving semi conser-
vative mode of DNA replication. [16]
3. What is the mechanism & importance of “proof reading” function of DNA poly-
merase in DNA replication? [16]
4. With respect to tRNA structure, explain:
(a) Stems& loops
(b) Anticodon arm. [2 × 8 = 16]
5. Which are the different types of rRNA associated with eukaryotic ribosome? How
are these synthesized? [16]
6. How are Wobble hypothesis and the genetic code correlated with each other? [16]
7. How is the process of eukaryotic process of translation different from prokaryotic
process. [16]
8. With context to mutations, what is meant by: [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) Base substitutions
(b) Insertions and deletions.
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222303 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Which form of DNA exists as the natural form present in living cells? Explain in
detail. [16]
2. What is meant by “rolling circle” form of DNA replication? Give an example. [16]
3. What is meant by ‘end replication problem’ in DNA synthesis? Discuss the role of
telomase in it. [16]
4. How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases different from each other?
[16]
5. What is the relevance of intron and exon sequences with respect to the final mRNA
formation in eukaryotic posttranscriptional processing? [16]
6. Explain how the genetic information present in the mRNA is decoded into amino
acid sequence during the process of translation? [16]
7. What are post transnational modifications? Give some examples. [16]
8. Briefly explain the different DNA repair mechanisms existing in a cell. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222303 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. what is the primary structure of DNA? Explain in detail. [16]
2. Write a note on the famous Messelson & Stahl experiment on proving semi conser-
vative mode of DNA replication. [16]
3. Discuss about the various enzymes involved in carrying out the process of the DNA
replication. [16]
4. Discuss about the different types of RNA and the RNA Polymerases, which are
involved in synthesizing them. [16]
5. Write a note on how tRNA is produced by processing larger pre-tRNA transcript.
[16]
6. How are Wobble hypothesis and the genetic code correlated with each other? [16]
7. Explain how conjugation is a process through which genetic recombination is pos-
sible in bacteria? [16]
8. With reference to acting as mutagens, explain: [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) Uv irradiation
(b) Ionizing radiation.
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222303 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are the main functions of DNA in a living cell? [16]
2. How does DNA replication occur in Mitochondria DNA? [16]
3. What are Telomers in DNA? How do they replicate. [16]
4. Write notes on:
(a) Prokaryotic RNA polymarase
(b) Eukaryotic RNA polymarase. [2 × 8 = 16]
5. Explain the sequence by which introns are removed from a eukaryotic pre-mRNA.
[16]
6. Elaborate the statement “Genetic code is a triplet, redundant, nonoverlapping &
comma free code”. [16]
7. Write short notes on: [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) tRNA as an adaptor molecule
(b) Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
8. With reference to acting as mutagens, explain: [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) Uv irradiation
(b) Ionizing radiation.
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K8

Code No: RR222305 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What is hybridization? What is the chemical basis of molecular hybridization?
[16]
2. DNA replication is bi-directional. What would the replication bubble look like
(using the same labeling regimen as discussed in class) if replication was unidirec-
tional? [16]
3. Write the differences between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases and
their mechnism? [16]
4. Describe the following terms: Transcription, translation, promoter. [16]
5. What are mutagens? Classify the radiation, chemical mutagens that are affecting
the organisms. [16]
6. Write a note of Benzer’s fine structure analysis of the rII locus of T4 bacteriophage.
[16]
7. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr × F− crosses. [16]
8. What differenciates specialized, generalized and Abortive transduction processes?
[16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. In what component parts do DNA and RNA differs? [16]
2. What are the differences between continuous and discontinuous DNA replication?
Why does it exist? [16]
3. How does this RNA act as an RNA polymerase? What are the reactions? How
does it differ from a protein RNA polymerase? How is it similar? [16]
4. Discuss the role of the promoter and ribosome sites in regulating gene expression.
[16]
5. Write short notes on
(a) Thymine dimers
(b) Error prone Repair [16]
6. Write a note of Benzer’s fine structure analysis of the rII locus of T4 bacteriophage.
[16]
7. How do you map the chromosome in Hfr bacteria? [16]
8. What are the differences among ans IS elements, a transposon, an intron and a
plasmid. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What were the features of the DNA molecule described by Watson and Crick? Are
these features the same for all DNA molecules? [16]
2. DNA replication is bi-directional. What would the replication bubble look like
(using the same labeling regimen as discussed in class) if replication was unidirectional?
[16]
3. What processing events occur with prokaryotic mRNA? [16]
4. Describe the following terms: Transcription, translation, promoter. [16]
5. Write an essay that describes mutations. [16]
6. A point mutation occurs in a particular gene. Describe the types of mutational
events that can restore a functional protein, including intergenic events. Consider
missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutation. [16]
7. Describe the conditions under which genetic recombination may occur in
bacteriophage? [16]
8. Write a note on Virus - mediated bacterial DNA transfer. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What were the features of the DNA molecule described by Watson and Crick? Are
these features the same for all DNA molecules? [16]
2. compare conservative, semiconservative and dispersive modes of DNA replication.
[16]
3. What are the general principles underlying all splicing mechanisms? [16]
4. Why would isoleucine be less likely to occur in a beta turn than in a beta strand?
[16]
5. Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of deaminating agents, alkylating
agents and base analogous. [16]
6. Write a note on molecular structure of eukaryotic gene. [16]
7. Describe the mechanism of transformation process. [16]
8. Outline the steps involved in the replication of a lytic bacteriophage. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K7

Code No: R05222303 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What does “right handed helix” & “left handed helix” mean? Explain taking
suitable examples. [16]
2. How does rolling circle replication produce multimers of a replicon? [16]
3. How is the lagging strand synthesis different from the leading strand synthesis in
DNA replication? [16]
4. Justify the statement “there are different types of rRNA found in ribosome” [16]
5. Using suitable examples explain how they are acting as inhibitors of transcription.
[16]
6. What is meant by “Wobble hypothesis”? Explain its connection to the genetic
code. [16]
7. How is the initiation of translation process occurring in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Elaborate briefly. [16]
8. Write short notes on [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) Thiamine dimmers and photo reactivation
(b) Excision type of DNA repair
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222303 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What does “right handed helix” & “left handed helix” mean? Explain taking
suitable examples. [16]
2. Using neat diagrams explain a circular chromosome undergoing bi-directional semi
conservative replication. [16]
3. Explain the process of DNA replication in detail. [16]
4. Discuss in detail the structure of the organelles functioning as sites of protein
synthesis. [16]
5. Using suitable examples explain how they are acting as inhibitors of transcription.
[16]
6. In the genetic code, how can one justify the presence of 64 codons coding for only
20 amino acids. [16]
7. Once a protein is synthesized, can it be modified? Justify your answer giving
suitable examples. [16]
8. With the help of a neat diagram explain how the process of site directed mutagenesis
is done. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222303 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write a note on the different forms of the double helix DNA and elaborate on “B”
form. [16]
2. How does the bacteriophage ×174 replicate through rolling circle mechanism?
[16]
3. What is meant by ‘end replication problem’ in DNA synthesis? Discuss the role of
telomase in it. [16]
4. Write about the different types of ribonucleic acids. [16]
5. Where does the synthesis & processing of pre-rRNA occur? Explain the process.
[16]
6. Write briefly about the steps of initiation, elongation and termination in the process
of prokaryotic translation. [16]
7. What are post transnational modifications? Give some examples. [16]
8. How is reverse genetics approach used to study a gene function? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222303 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Explain how GC base pair content of a ds DNA affects the melting temperature
Tm. [16]
2. With respect to DNA replication, explain
(a) Origin of replication
(b) Replication fork
(c) Bidirectional replication
(d) Semi-conservative replication. [4 × 4 = 16]
3. How does DNA replication proceed in the 5’ − > 3’ polarity parental DNA strand?
[16]
4. Give a step-by-step description of the process of Transcription. [16]
5. Describe briefly about the posttranscriptional processing occurring in eukaryotic
mRNA. [16]
6. In the genetic code, how can one justify the presence of 64 codons coding for only
20 amino acids. [16]
7. With context to gene transfer mechanisms, explain [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) Transduction
(b) Conjugation
8. Explain how base analogs and alkylating agents act as chemical mutagens in in-
duced mutations. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K6

Code No: RR222305 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What is the relationship between nucleosomes, 30 nm fibers and the scaffold struc-
ture with respect to the organization of DNA in the nucleus? [16]
2. Why is the 3’OH group on the ribose ring so important for DNA and RNA synthe-
sis? [16]
3. Eukaryotic mRNA is usually monocistronic. What does this mean? Why is this
the case for eukaryotes, whereas polycistronic mRNA is often found in prokaryotes?
[16]
4. Describe the following terms ribosome binding site, RNA polymerase, tRNA syn-
thetases. [16]
5. Write short notes on
(a) Thymine dimers
(b) Error prone Repair [16]
6. Describe the Ames assay for screening potential environmental mutagens. Why is
it though that a compound that tests positively in the Ames assay may also be
carcinogenic? [16]
7. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr × F− crosses. [16]
8. What are the differences among ans IS elements, a transposon, an intron and a
plasmid. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are the roles of RNA primers and Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
[16]
2. Describe Meselson-Stahl experiment. [16]
3. Write the following
(a) RNA Pol “basal” factors
(b) .RNA Pol “Transcription factors”? [16]
4. Write briefly on the different types of protein that exists. [16]
5. What is significantly different about the type of DNA “damage” repaired by mis-
match repair compared to other types of DNA damage? [16]
6. Write a note on microbial testing that are widely used in industrial research.
[16]
7. What is the role of Rec protein in bacterial recombination? [16]
8. Describe lysis and lysogeny. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What were the features of the DNA molecule described by Watson and Crick? Are
these features the same for all DNA molecules? [16]
2. DNA replication is bi-directional. What would the replication bubble look like
(using the same labeling regimen as discussed in class) if replication was unidirec-
tional? [16]
3. Write short notes on
(a) Rho dependent termination.
(b) Rho independent termination. [16]
4. What will determine whether regions of alpha-helical structure lie at the surface or
in the interior of a water-soluble globular protein? [16]
5. What is meant by Reverse Genetics? How is useful? [16]
6. Describe the Ames assay for screening potential environmental mutagens. Why is
it though that a compound that tests positively in the Ames assay may also be
carcinogenic? [16]
7. With respect to F+ and F− bacterial mating, answer the followings
(a) How was it established that physical contact was necessary?
(b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional?
[16]
8. What are the differences among ans IS elements, a transposon, an intron and a
plasmid. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Summarize and compare the properties of DNA polymerase- I, II and III. [16]
2. In Meselson-Stahl experiment, which of the three modes of replication could be
ruled out after one round of replication? After two round? [16]
3. What processing events occur with prokaryotic mRNA? [16]
4. Which feature of the Genetic code is responsible for redundancy of Geretic Code.
[16]
5. What is significantly different about the type of DNA “damage” repaired by mis-
match repair compared to other types of DNA damage? [16]
6. Write a note on split genes. [16]
7. What is the role of Rec protein in bacterial recombination? [16]
8. Describe what are the three different physical forms of phage λ chromosome?
[16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K5

Code No: RR222305 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations,
November/December 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe the various characteristics of the Watson-Crick DNA model. [16]
2. What are the requirements for the in vitro synthesis of DNA under the direction
of DNA polymerase-I? [16]
3. What is a “TATA box” and what is its function? Do all promoters have TATA
boxes? Why or why not? What provides the function of the TATA box when it
isn’t present? [16]
4. Describe the following terms: Transcription, translation, promoter. [16]
5. Describe different types of mutations; and explain the importance of mutations for
genetic research. [16]
6. A point mutation occurs in a particular gene. Describe the types of mutational
events that can restore a functional protein, including intergenic events. Consider
missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutation. [16]
7. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr × F− crosses. [16]
8. Write a note on Virus - mediated bacterial DNA transfer. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations,
November/December 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are the roles of RNA primers and Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
[16]
2. DNA replication is bi-directional. What would the replication bubble look like
(using the same labeling regimen as discussed in class) if replication was unidirec-
tional? [16]
3. Where are each of the RNA polymerase types found in the eukaryotic cell? [16]
4. What is footprinting? How did it help define promoter sequences? [16]
5. What are mutagens? Classify the radiation, chemical mutagens that are affecting
the organisms. [16]
6. Describe the Ames assay for screening potential environmental mutagens. Why is
it though that a compound that tests positively in the Ames assay may also be
carcinogenic? [16]
7. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr × F− crosses. [16]
8. Why are IS elements sometimes referred to as selfish DNA? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations,
November/December 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Summarize and compare the properties of DNA polymerase- I, II and III. [16]
2. DNA replication is bi-directional. What would the replication bubble look like
(using the same labeling regimen as discussed in class) if replication was unidirec-
tional? [16]
3. What processing events occur with prokaryotic mRNA? [16]
4. Argue why the genetic code must be read 3 bases at a time rather than 2 bases.
[16]
5. Write short notes on
(a) Thymine dimers
(b) Error prone Repair [16]
6. Write a note of Benzer’s fine structure analysis of the rII locus of T4 bacteriophage.
[16]
7. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr × F− crosses. [16]
8. What are the properties of viruses? How do viruses differ from all type of cells?
Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations,
November/December 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe the various characteristics of the Watson-Crick DNA model. [16]
2. What are two differences between DNA and RNA? What bases pair with each
other? [16]
3. Where are each of the RNA polymerase types found in the eukaryotic cell? [16]
4. Write a note on post-transnational modification. [16]
5. Describe different types of mutations; and explain the importance of mutations for
genetic research. [16]
6. Which are the functional portions of a functional gene? [16]
7. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr × F− crosses. [16]
8. Describe the mechanism of transduction process. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-REG 2K5

Code No: RR222305 Set No.1
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write the detail components of DNA molecule that are organized inside cell.
2. compare conservative, semiconservative and dispersive modes of DNA replication.
3. How does the structure of a eukaryotic CoreRNAPol compare with
the E. coli CoreRNApol?
4. Discuss the roles of the following in protein expression: rRNA, tRNA, mRNA.
5. Write an essay that describes mutations.
6. A point mutation occurs in a particular gene. Describe the types of mutational
events that can restore a functional protein, including intergenic events. Consider
missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutation.
7. Distinguish among the three modes of recombination in bacteria.
8. Describe what are the three different physical forms of phage chromosome?
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No.2
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. In what component parts do DNA and RNA differs?
2. Describe Meselson-Stahl experiment.
3. Write the following
(a) RNA Pol “basal” factors
(b) .RNA Pol “Transcription factors”?
4. Why would isoleucine be less likely to occur in a beta turn than in a beta strand?
5. Write an essay that describes mutations.
6. Write a note on molecular structure of eukaryotic gene.
7. Why are the recombinants produced from an HfrXF− cross never F+?
8. Describe the methods of transduction.
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No.3
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. If the tetranucleotide hypothesis were correct regarding the simplicity of DNA
structure, under what circumstances could DNA be the genetic material.
2. What are two differences between DNA and RNA? What bases pair with each
other?
3. Where are each of the RNA polymerase types found in the eukaryotic cell?
4. Name and describe the 4 levels of protein structure?
5. Most mutations are thought to be deleterious. Why then, is it reasonable to state
that mutations are essential for evolutionary process?
6. A point mutation occurs in a particular gene. Describe the types of mutational
events that can restore a functional protein, including intergenic events. Consider
missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutation.
7. What do you mean by plasmid? Describe their role in recombination.
8. Why are IS elements sometimes referred to as selfish DNA?
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR222305 Set No.4
II B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are the roles of RNA primers and Okazaki fragments during DNA replica-
tion?
2. DNA replication is bi-directional. What would the replication bubble look like
(using the same labeling regimen as discussed in class) if replication was unidirec-
tional?
3. Write short notes on
(a) Rho dependent termination.
(b) Rho independent termination.
4. What will determine whether regions of alpha-helical structure lie at the surface or
in the interior of a water-soluble globular protein?
5. Describe different types of mutations; and explain the importance of mutations for
genetic research.
6. Which are the functional portions of a functional gene?
7. Describe the mechanism of transformation process.
8. What are Retroposons?
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-supply 2k4

Code No: RR-222305
II B.Tech. II-Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. In what component parts do DNA and RNA differ?
2. What did the Watson-Crick model suggest about the replication of the DNA?
3. What is the process of removal of introns from pre-mRNA called? Where does it
occur? Where do other eukayrotic mRNA modifications take place?
4. Describe the functions of signal sequences and stop transfer sequences in the
export of proteins from the cytoplasm.
5. What is the role of the "DNA template" in excision repair? What is this
"template"?
6. Describe the Ames assay for screening potential environmental mutagens. Why is
it though that a compound that tests positively in the Ames assay may also be
carcinogenic?
7. Write a note on genetic recombination in Bacteria.
8. Describe the Shapiro model of transposition. What are the roles of transposase,
DNA polymeraseI, Ligase and resolvase?
*$*$*$*
Set No.
1
Code No: RR-222305
II B.Tech. II-Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. Sketch the shape of B-DNA and Z-DNA and write their properties.
2. Compare the conservative, semi-conservative, and dispersive modes of DNA
replication.
3. What is splicing and alternative splicing? Give examples of different types of
alternative splicing.
4. Explain the difference between unregulated protein production, transcriptional
regulation, translational regulation, and post-translational regulation.
5. Which of the proteins is an ATPase? What is an ATPase? Why is an ATPase
needed in excision repair?
6. Write a note on microbial testing that are widely used in industrial research.
7. Describe the conjugation process in F+ and F- bacteria.
8. How do transpons induce deletion and inversion?
*$*$*$*
Set No.
2
Code No: RR-222305
II B.Tech. II-Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. Describe the various characteristics of the Watson-Crick DNA model.
2. Describe Meselson-Stahl experiment.
3. What is hetergeneous nuclear RNA? How is it related to eukaryotic mRNA?
4. Describe the following terms: Transcription, translation, promoter.
5. What is the primary difference between transcription-coupled repair in
prokaryotes and in eukaryotes?
6. A point mutation occurs in a particular gene. Describe the types of mutational
events that can restore a functional protein, including intergenic events. Consider
missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutation.
7. How do you map the chromosome in Hfr bacteria?
8. Describe how a transposon controls the expression of the flagellar phase in
salmonella.
*$*$*$*
Set No.
3
Code No: RR-222305
II B.Tech. II-Semester Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec-2004
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. What the physical state of DNA following denaturation?
2. In Meselson-Stahl experiment, which of the three modes of replication could be
ruled out
a) After one round of replication.
b) After two round.
3. What are the 5 general mechanisms used in RNA splicing? Explain each of them.
4. Describe the following terms ribosome binding site, RNA polymerase, tRNA
synthetases.
5. What is significantly different about the type of DNA "damage" repaired by
mismatch repair compared to other types of DNA damage?
6. Write a note of Benzer's fine structure analysis of the rII locus of T4
bacteriophage.
7. Describe the recombination process in F+ and F- mating.
8. Describe what are the three different physical forms of phage l chromosome.
*$*$*$*
Set No.
4

BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-SUPPLY 2K8

Code No: R05222301 Set No. 1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about different component parts of a fermentation process. [4+12]
2. (a) What is aseptic operation and containment? [4]
(b) Describe a typical aseptic, aerobic fermentation process. [4]
(c) What is sparger? Describe different spargers used in fermentors. [2+6]
3. Explain the factors to be considered for developing medium for animal cell culture.
[16]
4. (a) What are the important information required for the design of batch sterili-
sation process. [8]
(b) Define Del factor. Describe the calculation of Del factor during heating and
cooling. [2+6=8]
5. Determine the yield coefficients (YX/SandYX/02) and total amount of oxygen re-
quired in a batch reactor of 10000 liters volume with the growth of yeast on glucose
as per the equation given
C6H12O6+3O2+0.48NH3− − − − −− ! 0.48C6H10N03+4.32H2O + 3.12CO2
Final yeast concentration of 47 gdw/l is required. [16]
6. Discuss about the respiration chain and the electron transport along the respiratory
chain. [16]
7. (a) Enumerate the difference between the cell growth in batch and continuos cul-
tures
(b) Explain the kinetics of microbial growth. [8+8]
8. Discuss in details the product kinetics associated with growth with appropriate
examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]
2. What is meant by solid state fermentation? Explain the industrial application of
solid state fermentation indicating the microorganisms, substrates and products.
[6+10]
3. (a) Explain the use of water as an important constituent for fermentation.
(b) Describe the use of buffers for media preparation in fermentation. [8+8]
4. Derive the mathematical expression for Nutrient Quality Criterion (Q) in continu-
ous sterilisation and describe the graphical method to optimise temperature-time
regime. [16]
5. Determine coefficients a, b, c and d (where RQ=0.66) along with the biomass yield
coefficient and oxygen yield coefficient for aerobic degradation of benzoic acid by a
mixed culture of microorganisms as represented by the following overall reaction
C6H5COOH + aO2+bNH3−− ! cC5H7NO2+dH2O + eCO2 [16]
6. Enumerate the aerobic catabolism of glucose with emphasis on energetics. [16]
7. (a) Explain the procedure involved in the determination of cell number density
and cell mass concentration.
(b) Give a short note on simple unstructured kinetic models for microbial growth.
[8+8]
8. Describe how the microbial products can be classified along with the equations.
[16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss in detail different unit operations used in manufacture of enzymes. [16]
2. What is meant by solid state fermentation? Explain the industrial application of
solid state fermentation indicating the microorganisms, substrates and products.
[6+10]
3. Describe in detail the theory of oxygen requirement and supply in industrial
fermentation. [16]
4. Describe Arrhenius plot for the calculation of activation energy and derive an
expression for heat sterilisation of a pure culture at a constant temperature. [16]
5. Enumerate the difference in prediction of yield coefficients in anaerobic and anaer-
obic system with appropriate example. [16]
6. Explain the transfer of bioenery via ATP. [16]
7. (a) Explain the procedure involved in the determination of cell number density
and cell mass concentration.
(b) Give a short note on simple unstructured kinetic models for microbial growth.
[8+8]
8. Explain the optimum environmental conditions required for growth and product
formation. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss in detail about different commercial enzymes and its applications. [8+8]
2. In a fed batch culture operating with an intermittent addition of glucose solution,
values of the following parameters are given at time t =2hours, when the system is
at quasi steady state. Culture volume (V) = 1 litre Substrate concentration (S0) =
100 gm glucose / litre Limiting rate constant (KS) = 0.1 gm glucose / litre Initial
amount of biomass in the reactor (Xt
0) = 30 gm Nutrient feed flow rate (F) = dv/dt
= 200 ml/hour Maximum specific growth rate = 0.3 h−1 Yield coefficient (YM
x/s) =
0.5 gm cells / gm glucose
Determine:
(a) the initial culture of the medium (V0).
(b) Determine the concentration of the growth limiting substrate in the vessel at
quasi steady state.
(c) Determine the concentration and total amount of biomass in the vessel at t
=2 hour (at quasi steady state).
(d) If specific rate of product formation (qp) = 0.2 gm product/cells, P0= 0 deter-
mine the concentration of the product in the vessel at t=2 hour. [4+4+4+4]
3. Explain the factors to be considered for developing medium for animal cell culture.
[16]
4. (a) What are the consequences if a foreign microorganism invade a fermentation
process.
(b) Explain the methods to avoid this contamination. [8+8]
5. Discuss the following in detail
(a) Stoichiometricallly limiting compounds
(b) Growth rate limiting medium. [8+8]
6. What are the major steps in aerobic metabolism of hydrocarbons? What are the
end products? [16]
7. Explain the difference between the aerobic and anaerobic growth. [16]
8. Give brief notes on structured models for growth and product formation with rel-
evant examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I-AUG 2K8

Code No: RR222302 Set No. 1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write shorts notes on:
(a) Microbial biomass
(b) Microbial enzymes. [8+8]
2. (a) What is aseptic operation and containment? [4]
(b) Describe a typical aseptic, aerobic fermentation process. [4]
(c) What is sparger? Describe different spargers used in fermentors. [2+6]
3. Sodium Bicarbonate is used as carbon source for the commercial production of
a micro algae. A constant cell density is always maintained in the reactor by
harvesting the cells daily. The growth rate is measured regularly and an average
growth rate of 0.1 gm/lit (dry weight) is recorded daily. The total culture volume
is 1100 litres. Sodium bicarbonate is the only Carbon source and it is added daily.
Assume that the cells are 50% Carbon by weight. Calculate the quantity of Sodium
Bicarbonate to be added daily if the conversion efficiency is assumed to be 90%.
[16]
4. (a) What are the advantages of continuous sterilisation.
(b) What are the advantages of batch sterilisation. [8+8]
5. Discuss the following:
(a) Stoichiometry of cell growth and product formation
(b) Degree of reduction of substrate and biomass. [8+8]
6. Differentiate the heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism emphasis on energetics.
[16]
7. Define the following:
(a) Maximum growth rate
(b) Yield on substrate
(c) Mass doubling time
(d) Specific growth rate [4+4+4+4]
8. Explain the following with respect to product formation
(a) Substrate inhibition
1 of 2
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 1
(b) Product inhibition. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
2 of 2
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]
2. (a) What is aseptic operation and containment? [4]
(b) Describe a typical aseptic, aerobic fermentation process. [4]
(c) What is sparger? Describe different spargers used in fermentors. [2+6]
3. Explain the factors to be considered for developing medium for animal cell culture.
[16]
4. Describe the design featurers of continuous sterilisation processes. [16]
5. Enumerate the difference in prediction of yield coefficients in anaerobic and anaer-
obic system with appropriate example. [16]
6. Briefly discuss the following:
(a) Energy capture efficiency
(b) Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures
(c) Heat generation and yield factor estimation. [5+5+6]
7. Explain specific growth rate with relevant equations. [16]
8. Explain the following:
(a) Competitive product inhibition
(b) Non-competitive product inhibition. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]
2. Derive an expression for estimating the heat transfer area required to obtain ade-
quate temperature control in a fermentor. [16]
3. Sodium Bicarbonate is used as carbon source for the commercial production of
a micro algae. A constant cell density is always maintained in the reactor by
harvesting the cells daily. The growth rate is measured regularly and an average
growth rate of 0.1 gm/lit (dry weight) is recorded daily. The total culture volume
is 1100 litres. Sodium bicarbonate is the only Carbon source and it is added daily.
Assume that the cells are 50% Carbon by weight. Calculate the quantity of Sodium
Bicarbonate to be added daily if the conversion efficiency is assumed to be 90%.
[16]
4. Describe the design featurers of continuous sterilisation processes. [16]
5. Explain the concept of Degree of Reduction and its application in proton-electron
balance in biorector. [16]
6. (a) Discuss the role of control sites in aerobic glucose metabolism
(b) Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures. [8+8]
7. Give short note on:
(a) Lag phase
(b) Logarithmic phase
(c) Stationary phase
(d) Death phase. [4+4+4+4]
8. Explain the optimum environmental conditions required for growth and product
formation. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention different types of enzymes extracted from plant and their application.
[8+8]
2. (a) Explain the major components of a chemostat with the help of a diagram
giving the notations used in modeling and analysis.
(b) Explain CSTR with recycle using a schematic diagram.
(c) Describe ideal plug flow tubular reactor giving notations used for analysis and
modeling. [6+6+4]
3. Describe in detail the theory of oxygen requirement and supply in industrial
fermentation. [16]
4. Explain the kinetics of medium sterilisation and obtain a mathematical expression
for specific death rate. [16]
5. Explain in detail the stoichiometry involved in the cell growth and product forma-
tion. [16]
6. Enumerate the aerobic catabolism of glucose with emphasis on energetics. [16]
7. (a) Enumerate the principle involved in the microbial growth taking an example.
(b) Differentiate between the growth in the batch and continuos systems. [8+8]
8. Give brief notes on structured models for growth and product formation with rel-
evant examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I-SUPPLY 2K7

Code No: RR222302 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]
2. (a) Briefly explain about the material of construction for fermentor fabrication.
(b) Explain different types of agitators used in fermentors. [8+8]
3. Describe the use of precursors and metabolic regulators in media preparation.[16]
4. (a) Explain reactions involved that lead to loss of nutrient quality during sterili-
sation.
(b) Describe methods of batch sterilisation. [8+8]
5. Discuss the concept of Elemental Balances with example using simplified biological
conversion. [16]
6. Briefly specify major function of the TCA cycle. [16]
7. (a) Enumerate the principle involved in the microbial growth taking an example.
(b) Differentiate between the growth in the batch and continuos systems. [8+8]
8. Explain the difference between:
(a) Competitive and non-competitive product inhibition
(b) Growth and non-growth associated products. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention different types of enzymes extracted from plant and their application.
[8+8]
2. (a) What is meant by immobilisation of cells? What are the advantages of immo-
bilised cell culture over suspension cell culture? [2+4]
(b) What is active immobilisation? Explain various matrices used for active
immobilisation. [2+4]
(c) Describe the methods employed for active cell immobilisation. [4]
3. Describe the use of precursors and metabolic regulators in media preparation.[16]
4. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a typical continuous injector- flash cooler ster-
iliser.
(b) Draw the flow diagram of continuous strilisation system employing spiral heat
exchangers. [8+8]
5. Estimate the theoretical growth and product yield coefficients for ethanol fermen-
tation by S cerevisiae as described by the following reaction
C6H12O6
− − − − − − −− ! 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 [16]
6. Explain the following:
(a) Control sites in metabolism [8]
(b) Transfer of bioenergy via ATP. [8]
7. Explain Monod model application in the bioprocess engineering along with
applications. [16]
8. (a) Differentiate between competitive product inhibition and non-competitive prod-
uct inhibition.
(b) Explain the product inhibition on the product formation. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What do you mean be fermentation and range of Fermentation process? [4+12]
2. (a) What is aseptic operation and containment? [4]
(b) Describe a typical aseptic, aerobic fermentation process. [4]
(c) What is sparger? Describe different spargers used in fermentors. [2+6]
3. Describe the use of precursors and metabolic regulators in media preparation.[16]
4. What is meant by filter sterilization? Explain its application in media sterilization.
[4+12]
5. Discuss the following:
(a) Medium formulation
(b) Yield factor. [8+8]
6. (a) Explain in detail the heat and energy in metabolic reactions.
(b) Give a brief note on Crabtree effect. [8+8]
7. (a) Enumerate the principle involved in the microbial growth taking an example.
(b) Differentiate between the growth in the batch and continuos systems. [8+8]
8. Explain the substrate and product inhibition on the product formation with
appropriate examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR222302 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-I
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]
2. (a) Briefly explain about the material of construction for fermentor fabrication.
(b) Explain different types of agitators used in fermentors. [8+8]
3. Give the composition of four industrially important media used in industrial fer-
mentation. [16]
4. Explain the kinetics of medium sterilisation and obtain a mathematical expression
for specific death rate. [16]
5. Discuss the following:
(a) Stoichiometry of cell growth and product formation
(b) Degree of reduction of substrate and biomass. [8+8]
6. Explain the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate. [16]
7. (a) Enumerate the principle involved in the microbial growth taking an example.
(b) Differentiate between the growth in the batch and continuos systems. [8+8]
8. (a) Differentiate between competitive product inhibition and non-competitive prod-
uct inhibition.
(b) Explain the product inhibition on the product formation. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING-SUPPLY 2K7

Code No: R05222301 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss in detail about Historical development of Bioprocess Technology.
[4+12]
2. After a batch fermentation, the system is dismantled and approximately 75% of
the cell mass is suspended in the liquid phase (2 litre), while 25% is attached
to the reactor walls and internals as a thick film. Work with radioactive tracers
shows that 50% of the target product (intracellular) is associated with each cell
fraction. The productivity of this reaction is 2 gm product per litre at the 2 litre
scale. What would be the productivity at 20,000 litre scale if both reactors had a
height-diameter ratio of 2 to 1. [16]
3. (a) Explain the use of water as an important constituent for fermentation.
(b) Describe the use of buffers for media preparation in fermentation. [8+8]
4. (a) What are the advantages of continuous sterilisation.
(b) What are the advantages of batch sterilisation. [8+8]
5. Determine the concentration and total amount of glucose and (NH4)2SO4 in the
nutrient medium in a batch reactor of 10000 liters volume with the growth of yeast
on glucose as per the equation given
C6H12O6+3O2+0.48NH3− − − − − − −− ! 0.48C6H10N03+4.32H2O + 3.12 CO2
Final yeast concentration of 49 gdw/l is required. [16]
6. (a) Discuss the role of control sites in aerobic glucose metabolism
(b) Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures. [8+8]
7. Enumerate in detail various environmental conditions that affect the growth kinet-
ics. [16]
8. Explain the concept of product formation in bioprocess engineering with appropri-
ate examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Discuss in detail about Chronological development of the fermentation industry.
[4+12]
2. (a) What is aseptic operation and containment? [4]
(b) Describe a typical aseptic, aerobic fermentation process. [4]
(c) What is sparger? Describe different spargers used in fermentors. [2+6]
3. (a) What are the major sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in industrial
fermentation. [8]
(b) What are chelating agents? Explain their functions giving example. [2+6]
4. A medium containing a vitamin is to be sterilized. Assume that the number of
spores initially present is 105/lit. The values of activation energy for the death of
the organism (E0d) and pre-Arrhenius constant for the spores are:
Pre-Arrhenius constant = 1 x 1036 min-1
E0d = 65 kcal/g-mol
For the inactivation of the vitamin, the values of
E0d = 10 kcals/g-mol
pre-Arrhenius constant = 1x 104 min−1
The initial concentration of the vitamin is 30 mg/lit. Compare the amount of active
vitamin in the sterilized medium for 10 litre and 10,000 litre fermenters when broth
is sterilized at 121oC when we require in both the cases that the probability of an
unsuccessful fermentation be 0.001. Ignore the effects of heat up and cool-down
periods. [16]
5. Enumerate the difference in prediction of yield coefficients in anaerobic and anaer-
obic system with appropriate example. [16]
6. Explain the following:
(a) Control sites in metabolism [8]
(b) Transfer of bioenergy via ATP. [8]
7. Enumerate various environmental conditions that effect the growth kinetics. [16]
8. Give brief notes on structured models for growth and product formation with rel-
evant examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write in detail about role of biotechnology in bioprocess Engineering. [4+12]
2. In a fed batch culture operating with an intermittent addition of glucose solution,
values of the following parameters are given at time t =2hours, when the system is
at quasi steady state. Culture volume (V) = 1 litre Substrate concentration (S0) =
100 gm glucose / litre Limiting rate constant (KS) = 0.1 gm glucose / litre Initial
amount of biomass in the reactor (Xt
0) = 30 gm Nutrient feed flow rate (F) = dv/dt
= 200 ml/hour Maximum specific growth rate = 0.3 h−1 Yield coefficient (YM
x/s) =
0.5 gm cells / gm glucose
Determine:
(a) the initial culture of the medium (V0).
(b) Determine the concentration of the growth limiting substrate in the vessel at
quasi steady state.
(c) Determine the concentration and total amount of biomass in the vessel at t
=2 hour (at quasi steady state).
(d) If specific rate of product formation (qp) = 0.2 gm product/cells, P0= 0 deter-
mine the concentration of the product in the vessel at t=2 hour. [4+4+4+4]
3. Explain the factors to be considered for developing medium for animal cell culture.
[16]
4. (a) What are the consequences if a foreign microorganism invade a fermentation
process.
(b) Explain the methods to avoid this contamination. [8+8]
5. Explain in detail the stoichiometry involved in the cell growth and product forma-
tion. [16]
6. Enumerate the major difference in photosynthesis between microbes and plants.
[16]
7. Explain the role of following parameters on growth kinetics
(a) Temperature
(b) Dissolved Oxygen
(c) pH. [5+6+5]
1 of 2
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 3
8. Briefly discuss about the structured models for product formation and compare
with growth. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
2 of 2
Code No: R05222301 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
BIO PROCESS ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Mention about the Regulatory constraints of bioprocesses. [6+10]
2. (a) What is meant by immobilisation of cells? What are the advantages of immo-
bilised cell culture over suspension cell culture? [2+4]
(b) What is active immobilisation? Explain various matrices used for active
immobilisation. [2+4]
(c) Describe the methods employed for active cell immobilisation. [4]
3. (a) What are the major sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in industrial
fermentation. [8]
(b) What are chelating agents? Explain their functions giving example. [2+6]
4. A medium containing a vitamin is to be sterilized. Assume that the number of
spores initially present is 105/lit. The values of activation energy for the death of
the organism (E0d) and pre-Arrhenius constant for the spores are:
Pre-Arrhenius constant = 1 x 1036 min-1
E0d = 65 kcal/g-mol
For the inactivation of the vitamin, the values of
E0d = 10 kcals/g-mol
pre-Arrhenius constant = 1x 104 min−1
The initial concentration of the vitamin is 30 mg/lit. Compare the amount of active
vitamin in the sterilized medium for 10 litre and 10,000 litre fermenters when broth
is sterilized at 121oC when we require in both the cases that the probability of an
unsuccessful fermentation be 0.001. Ignore the effects of heat up and cool-down
periods. [16]
5. Determine the yield coefficients (YX/SandYX/02) and total amount of oxygen re-
quired in a batch reactor of 10000 liters volume with the growth of yeast on glucose
as per the equation given
C6H12O6+3O2+0.48NH3− − − − −− ! 0.48C6H10N03+4.32H2O + 3.12CO2
Final yeast concentration of 47 gdw/l is required. [16]
6. Explain the following:
(a) Control sites in metabolism [8]
(b) Transfer of bioenergy via ATP. [8]
7. (a) Enumerate the difference between the cell growth in batch and continuos cul-
tures

(b) Explain the kinetics of microbial growth. [8+8]
8. Explain the concept of product formation in bioprocess engineering with appropri-
ate examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
2 of 2

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Friday, December 12, 2008

Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-SUPPLY2K7-RR

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ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-REG 2K6-RR

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ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

BIOTECH COMPANIES N INSTITUTES OFFERING PROJECTS FOR ACADEMIC STUDENTS

Wednesday, November 26, 2008

How to Prepare for the TOEFL: Test of English As a Foreign language

Barron's How to Prepare for the TOEFL 10th Edition

Sunday, November 23, 2008

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K8

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-SUPPLY 2K8

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