JNTU BIOTECH PREVIOUS PAPERS+GRE+IELTS: 2009

Thursday, October 29, 2009

THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS-2k9

Code No: 43110 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. With a neat sketch explain steps involved in theT,S diagram of a Carnot engine
and derive the equation to give the efficiency of the Carnot engine and mention the
disadvantages? [16]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Elemental balance.
(b) Heat balance in substrate consumption. [8+8]
3. (a) What is the significance of Joules experiment in the formulation of the first
law of thermodynamics?
(b) What do you mean by cyclic process? State and explain the first law for
acyclic process. [8+8]
4. Estimate the consumption of 96 % NaCl and 93 % H2SO4 for the production of
500 kg of HCl if the conversion is 92 %. Estimate the amount of Na2SO4 produced
during the process. Make material balance after the reaction.
2 Nacl + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2HCl
The molecular weights are Nacl = 58.5; H2SO4 = 98; Na2SO4 =142; HCl = 36.5.
[16]
5. Consider the steady state, adiabatic, irreversible flow of an incompressible liquid
in a horizontal pipe of constant cross sectional area. Show that
(a) The velocity is constant
(b) The temperature increases in the direction of flow. [16]
6. The excess Gibbs energy of a particular ternary liquid mixture is represented by the
empirical expression with parameters A12, A13 and A23, functions of temperature
and pressure only GE
RT = A12x1x2 + A13x1x3 + A23x2x3. Determine the implied
expressions for ln γ1 , ln γ2 and ln γ3. [16]
7. What is reterograde condensation and explain P,T diagram in detail? [16]
8. Ethanol can be manufactured by the vapor phase hydration of ethylene according
to the reaction
C2H4 (g)+H2O (g)- - - - - - - - ->C2H5OH (g).
The feed is a gas mixture of 25mol % ethylene & 75mol% of steam.
Given Go (Po=1bar) is 4570J/mol.
Calculate
1 of 2
Code No: 43110 Set No. 1
(a) Equilibrium constant at 125oc.
(b) Equilibrium composition. [8+8]
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. With a neat sketch explain steps involved in theT,S diagram of a Carnot engine
and derive the equation to give the efficiency of the Carnot engine and mention the
disadvantages? [16]
2. (a) Describe the inter relationship amongst the metabolism,energy and redox
processes.
(b) Explain the concept that “ATP is the energy shuttle” in the cell. [8+8]
3. Derive the equation
Ho = H0
o + R
T
RTo
Co
p
R
dT. [16]
4. (a) Explain about intensive and extensive properties.
(b) Heat capacity of air can be approximately expressed as Cp = 26.693 + 7.365
× 10−3 T, Cp is in J/mole-oK and T is in oK. Determine heat given off by one
mole of air whe cooled at one atm pressure from 500 oC to - 100 oC. [8+8]
5. Show that CV = T 􀀀@S
@T V and 􀀀@CV
@V T = T @2P
@T2 V
[16]
6. (a) Discuss the importance of fugacity in thermodynamics.
(b) Discuss fugacity & fugacity coefficient for pure species. [8+8]
7. Explain the due point (P,T)and bubble point(P,T) calculations analytically? [16]
8. Derive the equations for phase rule and duhem theorem for reacting systems? [16]
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write about the different types of refrigerants? Derive the coefficient of performance
of the Carnot refrigerator? [16]
2. (a) What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics?
(b) Discuss about general statements of second law of thermodynamics.
(c) It is required to freeze 1 kg of water at 273 K by means of refrigeration machine
with the surroundings at 300 K. The latent heat of fusion at 273 K is 335 kJ/kg.
Determine
i. the minimum amount of work required.
ii. the heat given up to the surroundings. [4+4+8]
3. Write short notes on:
(a) Two forms of virial equation
(b) Ideal gas behavior
(c) mplied property relations for an ideal gas. [4+4+8]
4. With a neat sketch explain the working principle of CSTR. [16]
5. If one kmol of methane is stored in a 0.3m3 tank at 300K, estimate the pressure of
the gas using ideal gas law and Van der Waals equation of state.
Van der Waals equation of state parameters are:
a = 0.2303 Pa h m3
moli2
b = 43.06 × 10−6 m3
mol [16]
6. For ideal gas mixtures prove that
(a) V
ig
i = vig
i
(b) Pi
yiHig
i [16]
7. For LLE show that
1n

2

2 = 1n
1−x
1
1−x
1
[16]
8. Show that for a single reaction
yi = ni/n = nio+vi"
no+v" [16]
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. From the residual property relations show that
HR
RT = −T R P
0 􀀀 @z
@T p dp
p (constant T). [16]
2. (a) Describe the inter relationship amongst the metabolism,energy and redox
processes.
(b) Explain the concept that “ATP is the energy shuttle” in the cell. [8+8]
3. Develop a general energy balance equation for a system. What are different special
cases for bioprocess? Write energy balance equation for each case. [16]
4. Differentiate between Batch reactor and CSTR. [16]
5. Show that Gibb’s energy is the generating function for other thermodynamic prop-
erties. [16]
6. From the definition of chemical potential in terms of fugacity of a species i in
solution, show that
ln ˆ fi
xiP = R P
0 􀀀 ¯ Z − 1dP
P at constant temperature and composition. [16]
7. With a neat diagram explain Txz diagram for ideal liquid solid solution? [16]
8. For a system in which the following reaction occurs
CH4 + H2O ! CO +3H2 Assume there are present initially 2 mol CH4, 1 mol
H2O, 1 mol CO and 4 mol H2. Determine expressions for the mol fractions yi as
functions of reaction co-ordinate? [16]
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MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS-supply 2k9

Code No: 43030
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD
R07 II B.Tech. I Semester supplementary, May/June – 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Common to CSE, IT, CSSE)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks.80
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) Explain the law of demand and state the reasons for the demand curve to slope
from left to right.
b) Explain the nature and scope of managerial economics. [8+8]
2.a) Define price Demand, Income Demand and Cross Demand.
b) Explain various elasticities of demand. [8+8]
3.a) Explain Cobb Douglas production function.
b) Define cost and explain various types of cost. [8+8]
4. Discuss the features of perfect competition and explain how price is determined in
perfect competition. [16]
5.a) Define Partnership and explain its advantages and disadvantages.
b) Differentiate between public and private companies. [8+8]
6. Compute Pay back period (ii) Net Present Value (iii) Profitability index of two
projects if cost of capital is 10% [16]
Project
X
Project Y
Investment 70000 70000
Cash inflows I year 10000 50000
II year 20000 40000
III year 30000 20000
IV year 45000 10000
V year 60000 10000
Contd…2
SET-1
::Set-1::
7.a) Explain (i) Journal (ii) Ledger
b) Journalize the following transactions 2009: May
i) Vamsi Commenced business with Rs 100000
ii) Deposited Rs 40000 with bank
iii) Purchased goods worth Rs 15000 from Mr. A
iv) Purchased goods worth Rs 5000 from Mr.B
v) Sold goods to Mr. Z for cash Rs 5500
vi) Paid rent by cheque worth Rs 8000
vii) Goods returned by Mr Z worth Rs 250
viii) Returned defective goods worth Rs 900 to Mr.A [6+10]
8. The following is the balance sheet of a company. Compute:
(i) Current Ratio
(ii) Quick Ratio
(iii) Debt –Equity Ratio
(iv) Capital Gearing Ratio
(V) Proprietary Ratio [16]
Liabilities Amount (Rs) Assets Amount ( Rs)
Equity Share Capital 2,00,000 Good Will 1,40,000
Profit and Loss A/c 30000 Plant & Machinery 3,50,000
General Reserve 40000 Stock 2,00,000
12% debentures 4,20,000 Sundry Debtors 1,00,000
Sundry Creditors 1,00,000 Bills Receivable 10,000
Bills Payable 50000 Cash at Bank 40,000
8,40,000 8,40,000
*****
Code No: 43030
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD
R07 II B.Tech. I Semester supplementary, May/June – 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Common to CSE, IT, CSSE)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks.80
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) State the law of demand and explain Giffen’s Paradox.
b) Discuss the need for demand forecasting. How is demand for a new product
estimated? [8+8]
2.a) Explain the factors that govern elasticity of demand.
b) Discuss the significance of elasticity of demand. [8+8]
3.a) Explain Break Even Analysis and State the assumptions made in Break Even
Analysis.
b) Explain the terms:
(i) Opportunity Cost
(ii) Fixed Cost
(iii) Variable Cost. [8+8]
4.a) Explain the objectives of pricing policy.
b) What are the advantages and limitations of marginal pricing? [8+8]
5.a) Explain Sole trader form of Organisation.
b) Write short notes on:
(i) Joint Stock Company
(ii) Public company vs Private Company. [8+8]
6. A company is considering two mutually exclusive projects. Both require an initial
cash outlay of Rs 10000 each and have a life of 5 years. The company’s required
rate of return is 10% and pays tax @50%. The projects will be depreciated on
straight-line basis. The net cash flows before taxes expected to be generated by
the projects are as follows.
Year 1 2 3 4 5
Project 1 (Cash flows) 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000
Project 2 (Cash flows) 6000 3000 2000 5000 5000
Calculate (i) Payback period (ii) ARR (iii) NPV (iv) PI for each project [16]
Contd…2
SET-2
::Set-2::
7. Prepare the Trading, Profit & Loss account and Balance sheet of M/s Rooplal &
Co for the year ending 2008 from the following trial balance
Debit balances Amount Credit balances Amount
Drawings 18000 Capital 50000
Plant and machinery 50000 Sales 200000
Purchases 60000 Creditors 20000
Sundry Debtors 40000 Bank Overdraft 10000
Wages 10000 Bills Payable 8000
Carriage 3000
Salaries 7000
Rent 6000
Repairs 3000
Opening stock 12000
Land and buildings 40000
Furniture 30000
Discount 9000
288000 288000
Adjustments
Closing stock ( 31.12.2008) Rs 30000
Outstanding wages Rs 500
Provide 5% for doubtful debts
Depreciate Plant and machinery by 5%. [16]
8. From the following balance sheet compute (i) Current ratio (ii) Quick ratio (iii) Debt
equity ratio (iv) Capital Gearing ratio (v) Proprietary ratio [16]
Liabilities Amount Assets Amount
6% preference share capital 1,50,000 Good will 20,000
Equity share capital 2,50,000 Land and buildings 2,50,000
General Reserve 20,000 Machinery 1,75,000
Profit and loss account 15,000 Furniture 10,000
5% debentures 1,00,000 Stocks 90,000
Sundry Creditors 28,000 Debtors 21,,000
Bills Payable 12,000 Cash at bank 5,000
Prepaid expenses 4,000
5,75,000 5,75,000
*****
Code No: 43030
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD
R07 II B.Tech. I Semester supplementary, May/June – 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Common to CSE, IT, CSSE)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks.80
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) Explain the factors that influence the demand for a product.
b) Discuss the techniques of forecasting demand with their merits and limitations.
[8+8]
2.a) What is elasticity of demand? How would it be measured? Bring out its practical
importance.
b) Distinguish between elastic and inelastic demand. [8+8]
3.a) Explain the relationship between Total Cost, Average cost and Marginal Cost.
b) Discuss any two methods of computing Break even point. [8+8]
4.a) What is monopoly? Explain various forms of monopoly.
b) Discuss the importance of pricing in industries. [8+8]
5.a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship.
b) Write short notes on:
(i) Partnership deed
(ii) Obligations and Liabilities of partners. [8+8]
6. Explain the importance of Capital Budgeting and Discuss the techniques for
evaluating capital investment decisions. [16]
Contd…2
SET-3
::set-3::
7. Prepare Trading, Profit and loss account and Balance sheet from the following
trial balance of Mr Xavier.
Debit balances Amount Credit balances Amount
Opening stock
30000 Sales 127000
Purchases 68000 Purchase returns 1275
Discount allowed 75 Capital 100000
Bank charges 350 Creditors 25000
Sales returns 1000 Discount received 800
Sundry debtors 45000
Salaries 6800
Wages 10000
Freight in 750
Freight out 1200
Rent 2000
Advertisement 2000
Cash at bank 6900
Plant and Machinery 80000
2,54,075 2,54,075
Adjustments: Closing stock was valued at Rs 50000.
Depreciate plant and machinery by 5%
Make a reserve of 5% on debtors for doubtful debts
Charge 6% interest on capital. [16]
8. Explain:
(i) Liquidity ratios
(ii) Activity ratios
(iii) Profitability ratios
(iv) Capital structure ratios. [16]
*****
Code No: 43030
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD
R07 II B.Tech. I Semester supplementary, May/June – 2009
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Common to CSE, IT, CSSE)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks.80
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) Define Managerial economics and Discuss the role of economics in decision
making.
b) Distinguish between income elasticity of demand and cross elasticity of demand.
[8+8]
2.a) Discuss various types of isoquants.
b) What is a production function? Explain its importance. [8+8]
3.a) Explain (i) P/V Ratio (ii) Margin of Safety.
b) Write short notes on (i) Opportunity cost (ii) Explicit and implicit cost. [8+8]
4.a) Discuss any two pricing methods.
b) Explain various types of market. [8+8]
5.a) Discuss the factors that effect the choice of business organization
b) Explain the features of Partnership and evaluate it against sole proprietorship.
[8+8]
6.a) What is capital budgeting? Why is it significant for a firm?
b) Compute NPV for the following investment profile:
Year Cash flow
1 10000
2 8000
3 15000
4 20000
Investment is Rs 25000 and cost of capital is 10% [8+8]
Contd…2
SET-4
::Set-4::
7. The following trial balance is extracted from the books of a merchant as on
31.12.2008. Prepare the final accounts from the information.
Debit balances Amount Credit balances Amount
Furniture 6400 Capital 125000
Vehicles 62500 Commission 2000
Buildings 75000 Creditors 25000
Bad debts 1250 Sales 154500
Debtors 38000 Bank overdraft 28500
Stock 1.1.2008 34600 Purchase returns 1250
Purchases 54750 Interest 3750
Sales returns 2000
Advertising 5680
Cash 6000
General Expenses 20820
Salaries 33000
340000 340000
The following adjustments are to be made
Stock on 31.12.2008 was Rs 32500
Provide Depreciation on furniture @10% [16]
8.a) Explain different types of financial ratios.
b) Explain the importance and limitations of ratio analysis. [8+8]
*****

MICROBIOLOGY supply 2k9

Code No: 43113 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
MICROBIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write the principle and method involved in AFB staining. [16]
2. Write about five kingdom classification of R.H.Whittaker. [16]
3. Describe the structure, composition and multiplication of HIV. [16]
4. Describe in detail the various steps involved in replication of lysogenic /temperate
phage with illustration. [16]
5. (a) Describe methods of cultivation of viruses.
(b) How do you quantify viruses? [8+8]
6. (a) Elaborate the differential media and discuss its role in the isolation of microor-
ganism.
(b) What is an enrichment media and how it is useful in culturing microorganisms.
[8+8]
7. Mention reasons behind gram positivity of bacteria. [16]
8. Explain Mycobacterium tuberculosis’s:
(a) Morphology
(b) Toxin production
(c) Pathogenicity
(d) Diagnosis [4×4]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43113 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
MICROBIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write about contributions of Louis Pasteur emphasizing on Biogenesis theory? [16]
2. Describe the structure of prokaryotic cell and relate it to its function. [16]
3. Define viruses and write about general properties of viruses? [16]
4. Describe and illustrate the different steps involved in replication of lytic phage.
[16]
5. (a) Describe the biological assay methods for animal viruses.
(b) Describe the methods involved in the identification of viruses. [8+8]
6. Write short notes on :
(a) Endospore forming bacteria.
(b) Nonspore forming bacteria. [8+8]
7. What are:
(a) Bacterial spores and
(b) Elaborate the spore staining technique. [8+8]
8. Write briefly on:
(a) Preparation of active immunization against Diphtheria.
(b) Passive and combined immunization against Diphtheria.
(c) Treatment for Diphtheria. [8+4+4]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43113 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
MICROBIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Ecplain different staining proceducres. [16]
2. Give the names and main distinguishing characteristics of the five kingdoms in
Whittaker‘s classification. [16]
3. What are viroids? How does a prion differ from virus? Write the pathogenicity of
prions? [16]
4. Explain the replication mechanism of TMV. [16]
5. Write about:
(a) Assay for bacterial viruses.
(b) Assay for animal viruses. [8+8]
6. (a) Discuss different types of solidifying agents and their uses in preparation of
media.
(b) How a suitable culture media is prepared for culturing the bacteria? [8+8]
7. (a) What are primary stock and working cultures?
(b) Explain about subculturing. [8+8]
8. Write briefly on:
(a) Pathogenicity
(b) Laboratory diagnosis
(c) Prophylaxis treatment for disease caused by Staphylococci bacteria. [8+4+4]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43113 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
MICROBIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Ecplain different staining proceducres. [16]
2. Compare and contrast between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures. [16]
3. Define viruses and write about general properties of viruses? [16]
4. Explain the replication mechanism of ds DNA lytic phage. [16]
5. Write notes on:
(a) In vivo virus cultivation
(b) In vitro virus cultivation. [8+8]
6. Write short notes on the following :
(a) Oxygen toxicity
(b) Anaerobic chambers and Anaerobic work stations. [8+8]
7. What are:
(a) Bacterial spores and
(b) Elaborate the spore staining technique. [8+8]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Hepatitis-A viruses
(b) Hepatitis-B viruses. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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GENETICS-supply2k9

Code No: 43112 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What is law of segregation? Elucidate with respect to Tall and short nature of
plants. [16]
2. What is circular DNA? Explain its importance and occurrence. [16]
3. Describe the lysozenic pathway, bacteriophages and their uses in transduction ex-
periments? [16]
4. How the gene mapping is done with microbial eukaryotes? Explain with an example
of yeast. [16]
5. Explain the salient features involved in the identification of human chromosomes
in making a karyotype. [16]
6. How do you explain the inheritance of white-eye color and lethality in drosophila
with attached X chromosomes? [16]
7. What is sex influenced Dominance? Discuss its role in relation to male and female
hormones? [16]
8. Explain the differences between Mendelian and extra chromosomal inheritance.
[16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43112 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe Multiple alleles with a suitable example. [16]
2. How DNA is organized? Explain elaborately. [16]
3. What are the different stages of transformation? Explain the molecular mechanism
involved. [16]
4. How the mapping of genes can be carried out with tetrad analysis? Explain. [16]
5. Describe the cytological and genetic detection of translocations and what are their
consequences. [16]
6. What are sex chromosomes? How do organisms compensate for different number of
X chromosomes in the two sexes in homogametic males and homogametic females?
[16]
7. Discuss on Y chromosome and Sex determination in mammals with examples of
genes related to Y-chromosomes? [16]
8. Explain the possible origin of chloroplast and mitochondrial genome. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43112 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What is interaction? Describe the genetic interaction of taking an example of hen
comb. [16]
2. Describe the inverted repeats and secondary structure in single stranded nucleic
acid. [16]
3. What is the mechanism of bacterial conjugation? Explain. [16]
4. Describe the mapping of genes with molecular markers. [16]
5. Explain the aetiology of uniparental disomy with an example. [16]
6. How do hormones play their role in sex differentiation and development of secondary
sex characters? Give examples of some traits? [16]
7. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in humans? Elaborate on Homoga-
metic females and heterogametic males in humans? [16]
8. What is the phenotype of petite mutants and discuss the difference between neutral
and suppressive petites. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43112 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are different types of Linkage? Explain in detail with a drosophila example.
[16]
2. Describe the replication of DNA in Eukaryotic organisms. [16]
3. Write an essay on Leiderberg experiments on Bacterial conjugation. [16]
4. Construct the linkage map for an X chromosome of Drosophila with illustrations.
[16]
5. Explain the aetiology of uniparental disomy with an example. [16]
6. Define the terms :
(a) Autosomes.
(b) Sex chromosomes
(c) Hemizygous
(d) Homozygous. [4×4]
7. Define Sex chromosomes? What kind of sex linked genes have been identified in
humans? [16]
8. Discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between nuclear inheritance and cyto-
plasmic inheritance. Illustrate your answer with examples. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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CELL BIOLOGY-suply 2k9

Code No: 43111 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What is the general organization of a prokaryotic cell and explain functions of each
organalle or structure with in it. [16]
2. Write a brief account on :
(a) Cilia
(b) Flagella. [8+8]
3. Which organelle is called as the “power house of the cell”. Explain why? [16]
4. Explain the differences between active and passive transport giving suitable exam-
ples. [16]
5. (a) What are FtsZ proteins?
(b) Explain their role in the Binary fission in prokaryotes? [6+10]
6. (a) What are embryonic stem cells?Why are these cells called as totipotent cells?
(b) Explain the role of embryonic stem cells in repairing the defective tissues.
[8+8]
7. Describe the different kinds of intercellular signaling strategies Give a suitable ex-
ample for each strategy. [16]
8. Explain with an experimental strategy how transgenic mice can be used as a model
to uncover the function of cancer critical genes? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: 43111 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Classify the cells based on cell complexity with respect to cell size, shape and
components. [16]
2. Write a short note on:
(a) Integral proteins
(b) Phospholipids
(c) Peripheral proteins
(d) Actin. [4×4]
3. Write about the organelle which can synthesise food material from Sunlight. [16]
4. Explain the differences between endocytosis and exocytosis and discuss their sig-
nificance in the cellular activity. [16]
5. (a) Explain the role of Mitogens in stimulating the cell division?
(b) What is the role of Growth factors and survival factors during cell division?
[10+6]
6. Explain with at least one suitable example that homologous proteins that play a
role in animal development function interchangeably in mice and flies? [16]
7. (a) What is action potential?
(b) Explain the mechanism, how electrical impulses lead to secretion of neuro-
transmitter? [4+12]
8. (a) Explain how microarray strategy could be used in detection of genes involved
in cancer progression?
(b) Name at least one gene that was identified by this approach in highly metasta-
tic cells? [13+3]
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Code No: 43111 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Name few instruments that are used to observe different types of cells. Which
instrument is now widely used to observe tiny cells. Give shapes of few existing
cells. [16]
2. Describe the role of microfilaments in cell motility. [16]
3. One organelle in the Eukaryotic cell has evolved from a prokaryotic cell that gained
entry by ‘endosymbiotic process’- Name the organelle and write about its functions.
[16]
4. Write about the methods of transport process driven by ATP. [16]
5. Explain how cell cycle control system depends on cyclical proteolysis? What is the
role of Ubiquitin in this process? [16]
6. Explain how changing patterns of cell adhesion molecules force cells into new
arrangement? [16]
7. “Different cells respond differently to the same extracellular signal molecule”- com-
ment on this statement with particular reference to the action of acetyl choline
signaling molecule. [16]
8. Explain how in a population of telomere deficient cells, the loss of p53 facilitates
the development of cancer? [16]
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Code No: 43111 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write in detail about the different functions of cells in the body. [16]
2. Briefly discuss the different types of intermediate filaments and their role in a cell.
[16]
3. Write short notes on
(a) Photosystem- II
(b) Chemi-osmotic theory
(c) Nuclear pore complex
(d) Chlorophyll. [4×4]
4. What is simple diffusion? Explain how it differs from active transport. [16]
5. Name the two cytoskeletal machines that operates in M-phase that ensures Mitosis
always precedes cytokinesis? [16]
6. Explain with at least one suitable example that homologous proteins that play a
role in animal development function interchangeably in mice and flies? [16]
7. Explain how signaling by phosphorylation and signaling by GTP-binding protein
acts as molecular switches in intra cellular signaling proteins? [16]
8. Explain in detail what is genetic instability? Explain the mechanism involved in
cancer cells that lead to genetically instability? [16]
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THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS-supply 2k9

CELL BIOLOGY-may supply 2009

Code No: 33111 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe the structure of a generalized prokaryotic cell. Indicate the ways in which
a prokaryotic cell would differ in structure from the generalized eukaryotic cell. [16]
2. What are microtubules structurally and functionally? [16]
3. What are cell organelles? Why are mitochondria important for the functioning of
eukaryotic cells? [16]
4. What are Lysosomal & Vacuolar membrane pumps? [16]
5. During which phase of mitosis do the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane break
down and disappear? Describe the roles that the spindle fibers play in mitosis.
[16]
6. Q14. Write short notes on:
(a) Pattern of stem cell division
(b) Different types of stem cells. [8+8]
7. How are receptors involved in cellular regulation? [16]
8. Citing a suitable example, explain the role of cAMP as secondary messenger in
hormone action. [16]
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Code No: 33111 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Compare and contrast the properties and strategies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells in terms of cell size, compartmentalization, nuclei, internal membranes, DNA
and cell specialization. [16]
2. Discuss the major components of plasma membrane. [16]
3. Discuss each of the following:
(a) the structure and role of the cell membrane
(b) the structure and role of mitochondria. [16]
4. What is the difference between simple diffusion and Fasciliated diffusion? [16]
5. Give an overview of the major events taking place in a typical eukaryotic cell cycle.
[16]
6. With respect to cell differentiation write notes on:
(a) Cytoplasmic determinants
(b) Nucleoplasmic interactions. [8+8]
7. Briefly explain the different classes of cell surface receptors. [16]
8. Using a suitable example discuss the role of secondary messengers in signal trans-
duction. [16]
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Code No: 33111 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. How can you determine whether a unicellular organism is a prokaryote or a eukary-
ote? Justify your statement with suitable illustrations. [16]
2. Discuss the importance of Carbon in a living cell. [16]
3. Cite the one unique function of each of the following: plasma membrane, nucleus,
nuclear envelope, mitochondrion, chloroplast, RER, SER, Golgi complex, secretory
vesicles, lysosome, peroxisomes, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfila-
ments, intermediate filaments, extracellular matrix, cell wall. [16]
4. What are Lysosomal & Vacuolar membrane pumps? [16]
5. Write about the early experiments, which led to the discovery of cyclin dependent
kinases. [16]
6. Using suitable examples explain cytoplasmic determinants in cell differentiation.
[16]
7. Define a “receptor”. Discuss briefly the different types of receptors. [16]
8. Define signal transduction and explain it briefly. [16]
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Code No: 33111 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Compare and contrast the properties and strategies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells in terms of cell size, compartmentalization, nuclei, internal membranes, DNA
and cell specialization. [16]
2. Justify the statement “Plasma membrane acts as a semi-permeable membrane in
libing cells”. [16]
3. What is the function of Peroxisomes? Where are they present? [16]
4. Describe the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis with suitable illustrations.
[16]
5. Drawl and label the cell cycle and describe the events that occur during each
stage/phase of the cell cycle. [16]
6. Discuss the general characteristics of cell differentiation. [16]
7. What role does flagellar motion play in bacterial chemo taxis? [16]
8. Define signal transduction and explain it briefly. [16]
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BIO-CHEMISTRY-supply,jun 2k9

Code No: RR212304 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What is a disaccharide ?
(b) Give two examples with structure?
(c) Discuss the role of any two disaccharides is nutritional metabolism? [3+4+9]
2. Write briefly on
(a) Dextrans
(b) Glycosaminglycans
(c) Glycosidic bond [5+5+6]
3. Describe the regulatory steps in the biosynthesis of
(a) Cholesterol
(b) Fatty acids [8+8]
4. Write short notes on
(a) Ammoina formationin biological systems.
(b) Any three specialized products of aminoacids.
(c) Zwitter ion. [5+5+6]
5. (a) What are different biosynthetic families of amino acids:- Bacteria and plant
discuss briefly.
(b) What are the processors for amino acid biosynthesis. [8+8]
6. Describe the pathways involved in:
(a) Glycogenesis
(b) Glycogenolysis [8+8]
7. Differentiate between oxygen-producing photosynthesis and bacterial photosynthe-
sis. [8+8]
8. C4 plants are typical of highly luminous environments, and may be more affected
by shade than C3 plants. Why do you think this may happen? [16]
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Code No: RR212304 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What is a disaccharide ?
(b) Give two examples with structure?
(c) Discuss the role of any two disaccharides is nutritional metabolism? [3+4+9]
2. What is a glycosidic bond? Illustrate with structures of suitable examples [16]
3. Write notes on the following:-
(a) Very low density lipoproteins.
(b) Fatty acid break down. [8+8]
4. Give any three reactions of aminoacids and add a note on titration curves. [16]
5. Describe the pathways in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [16]
6. Schematically trace the pathways involved in the synthesis of glucose from
(a) Alanine
(b) Fatty acid [8+8]
7. What is photosynthesis? Describe the bacterial photosynthesis mechanism.[3+13]
8. What are the primary products of photosynthesis and how do other organisms use
them? [5+11]
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Code No: RR212304 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What is a disaccharide ?
(b) Give two examples with structure?
(c) Discuss the role of any two disaccharides is nutritional metabolism? [3+4+9]
2. Enumerate the major storage forms of carbohydrates in plants. Illustrate the salient
features of the carbohydrates in plants. [8+8]
3. Describe the regulatory steps in the biosynthesis of
(a) Cholesterol
(b) Fatty acids [8+8]
4. Explain the role of pyruvate in nitrogen fixation. [16]
5. Describe the pathways in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [16]
6. “TCA cycle is the final common pathway of oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins
and lipids”- Substantiate the statement. [16]
7. Define the following terms: photosynthesis, light reaction, and dark reaction. [16]
8. List the inputs (raw materials) and outputs (products) of the light dependent re-
actions and the Calvin Cycle. [16]
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Code No: RR212304 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Name four monosaccharides and their natural occurance in nature.
(b) Write their chemical structures.
(c) Discuss their importance in nature. [4+4+8]
2. Illustrate the branching points of glycogen and starch polysaccharides. Explain the
salient features of these polymers. [16]
3. Explain how the processes- biosynthesis and break down of fatty acids are regulated.
[16]
4. What is a peptide linkage? Describe how aminoacid sequence determines primary
structure of proteins. [3+13]
5. Describe the pathways in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [16]
6. Describe the pathways involved in:
(a) Glycogenesis
(b) Glycogenolysis [8+8]
7. Discuss the process of plant photosynthesis in detail. How is it different from the
bacterial photosynthesis? [8+8]
8. C4 plants are typical of highly luminous environments, and may be more affected
by shade than C3 plants. Why do you think this may happen? [16]
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CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS-SUPPLY JUN 2009

Code No: RR212305 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests
a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local
acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the
weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and
weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston
and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and
weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give
your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Explain with a schematic diagram the adsorption refrigeration machine.
(b) Write about liquefaction processes. [8+8]
3. Determine expressions for GR,HR and SR implied by the van der Waals equation
of state. [16]
4. A stream of nitrogen flowing at the rate of 2kg/sec and a stream of hydrogen flowing
at the rate of 0.5kg/sec mix adiabatically in a steady-flow process. If the gases are
assumed ideal, what is the rate of entropy increase as a result of the process? [16]
5. Explain the relation between equilibrium and stability in a closed system. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. EMP pathway and lipid synthesis. [16]
8. (a) The growth of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be given by the follow-
ing overall stoichiometry equation
C6H12O6(aq) + 0.188NH3! 0.590 CH1.737N0.2O0.451+ 0.432 C H3 H8O3
+1.54 C02(aq) + 1.30 C2H50H (aq) + 0.036 H20 (1)
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 1
G0= - 167.9 MJ/Kmol.
Give a schematic representation of the fermentation process.
(b) Humid air enriched with oxygen is prepared for gluconic acid fermentation.
The air is prepared in a special humidifying chamber 1.5 lit/h liquid water
enters the chamber at the same time as dry air, and 15 g-moles/min dry
oxygen gas. All the water is evaporated. The out flowing gas is found to
contain 1% (w/w) of water. Draw and label the flow sheet for the process.
[16]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Write about the phase rule for homogeneous substances.
(b) Write about heat capacity and specific heat. [8+8]
2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]
(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.
(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.
3. Show that for a gas obeying the equation of state PV (1-bP)=RT,
(a) △G=RT In [P2(1 − bP1)/P1(1 − bP2)]
(b) △A=RT In [P2(1 − bP1)/P1(1 − bP2)] − RT/(1 − bP2) + RT/(1 − bP1) [8+8]
4. A stream of nitrogen flowing at the rate of 2kg/sec and a stream of hydrogen flowing
at the rate of 0.5kg/sec mix adiabatically in a steady-flow process. If the gases are
assumed ideal, what is the rate of entropy increase as a result of the process? [16]
5. The Stability criteria apply to a particular phase. However, there is nothing to
preclude their application to problems in phase equilibria,where the phase of interest
(e.g; a liquid mixture) is in equilibrium with another phase (e.g; a vapour mixture).
Considerbinary isothermal vapour/liquid equilibria at pressures low enough that the
vapour phase may be considered an ideal-gas mixture.what are the implications of
liquid-phase stability to the features of isothermal P-X-Y diagrams. [16]
6. Determine the number of degrees of freedom F for each of the following systems.
(a) A system of two miscible Non reacting species which exists as an azeotrope in
vapour/liquid equilibrium.
(b) A system prepared by partially decomposing CaCo3 into an evacuated space.
(c) A system prepared by partially decomposing NH4Cl into an evacuated space.
(d) A system consisting of the gases CO, CO2, H2, H2O, and CH4 in chemical
equilibrium. [4+4+4+4]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate→ Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Explain the Equations that can be solved to determine the stoichiometric coefficient.
[16]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Explain the PVT relationships with a neat diagrams. Indicate the triple point.
(b) Write the Virial equation of state, and define the compressibility factor.[8+8]
2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]
(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.
(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.
3. (a) Show that for a gas obeying the Vander Walls equation (∂Cv/∂V)T = 0
(b) A gas is found to obey the equation of state P(V-b)=RT. Show that its Cp
does not change with changes in pressure at constant temperature. [8+8]
4. For the following determine the ration of the fugacity in the final state to that in
the initial state for steam undergoing the isothermal change of state: From 9,000
kPa and 4000 C to 300 kPa. [16]
5. Explain in detail about the P,T-flash calculations. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. Explain in detail how EMP pathway can be used in five different pathways. [16]
8. Write Short notes
(a) Degree of Reduction
(b) Stoichiometric coefficients [8+8]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Pressures up to 3000 atm are to be measured with a dead-weight gauge. The piston
diameter is to be 1/8 in. What is the approximate total mass of “weights”which
must be provided for use with this guage? [8+8]
2. Steam is flowing through a horizontal, well-insulated 3-in. - ID iron pipe, 1500 ft
long. The velocity at the entrance to the pipe, where the steam is dry and saturated
at 150 psia, is 100 ft/sec. The steam discharges from the exit of the pipe into an
adiabatic reversible turbine which exhausts at 14.7 psia. The steam leaving the
turbine is in the dry-saturated condition.
(a) Calculate the horsepower produced by the turbine.
(b) Represent by a sketch on T-S plane the change in the state of the steam as it
flows through the pipe and the turbine.
(c) What is the state of the steam entering the turbine? [6+6+4]
3. Water at 450C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pressure
of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work of the
pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the water.
Saturated liquid water properties at 450C are : V = 1, 010cm3 kg−1, β = 425 ×
10−6K−1and CP = 4.178kJkg−1K−1 [16]
4. (a) Write the interrelationships between partial properties.
(b) The enthalpy of a binary liquid system of species 1 and 2 at fixed T and P is
represented by
H = 400x1 + 600x2 + x1x2(40x1 + 20x2)
Where H is in J mol−1. Determine the expressions for the partial molar
enthalpies of the species 1 and 2 as a function of x1, and numerical values for
the pure species enthalpies at infinite dilution. [8+8]
5. Develop equations that apply to the limiting case of binary LLE for which the ?
phase is very dilute in species 1 and the β phase is very dilute in species 2. [16]
6. The water-gas-shift reaction;
CO(g) + H2O(g) − − − − − −CO2(g) + H2(g)
Is carrier out under the different sets of conditions described below? Calculate the
fraction of steam reacted in each case. Assume the mixture behave as an ideal gas.
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
(a) The reactants consist of 1 mol of H2O vapour and 1 mol of CO. The temper-
ature is 1100K and the pressure is 1 bar.
(b) Same as (a) except that the pressure is 10bar.
(c) Same as (a) accept that 2 Mol of N2 is included in the reactants.
(d) The reactants are 2 mol of H2O and 1 mol of CO. other conditions are the
same as in
(e) The reactants are 1 mol of H2O and 2 mol of CO. other conditions are the
same as in
(f) The initial mixture consists of 1mol of H2O, 1 mol of CO, and 1 Mol of CO2
other conditions are the same as in (a).
(g) Same as (a) except that the temperature is 1650K. [3+3+2+2+2+2+2]
7. Explain the relation between EMP pathway and Respiratory chain. [16]
8. Some microorganismsm exhibit growth inhibition in the presence of excess oxygen.
Assuming that the growth dependence on oxygen can be represented by
μ = μm.C02L
K02+C02L+(C2
02L/K1)
Where K02 is oxygen saturation constant
K1is inhibition constant
C02,L is the dissolved oxygen concentration
Show that the specific growth rate (μ) reaches a maximum value ( 6= μm) at a
dissolved oxygen concentration of C02,L = [K02.KI ]1/2 [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

GENETICS-supply 2009

Code No: RR212306 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe law of segregation
(b) law of independent assortment. [8+8]
2. What is the evidence that the genetic material of TMV {TobaccoMosiacV irus} is
RNA [6+10]
3. What two essential criteria must be met in order to execute a successful mapping
cross? [8+8]
4. Describe the conjugation process in F+ and F− bacteria. [8+8]
5. Draw and label the detail structure of metaphase chromosome. Write types of
chromosome found in human. [8+8]
6. Most mutations in a diploid organism are recessive. Why? [5+11]
7. Write the mechanism of sex determination in plants. [8+8]
8. A dextral snail is self fertilized and produces only sinistral progeny. What is the
probable genotype of this snail and its parents? [8+8]
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Code No: RR212306 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What properties of Fruit Flies and made them the organism of choice for genetics?
[5+11]
2. What is the difference in genetic material distribution in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells. Explain it’s consequences. [8+8]
3. Explain the experimental proof which forms the cytological basis of crossing over.
[8+8]
4. Distinguish among the three modes of recombination in bacteria. [5+5+6]
5. What are deletions? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. [4+12]
6. What is replica plating? Comment on its significance. [6+10]
7. Why do we believe that humans with aneuploid karyotypes occur but are usually
inviable? [4+12]
8. What is kappa in Paramecium? [4+12]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: RR212306 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Distinguish between epistatis and polygenetic inheritance. [8+8]
2. The function ascribed to the genetic material are replication, expression, storage,
and mutation. What does each of these terms mean? [4×4]
3. What is the relationship between recombination frequency and genetic distance?
[8+8]
4. Describe in brief:
(a) Transduction
(b) Transformation. [8+8]
5. Give a concise account of numerical aberrations of human chromosomes. [6+10]
6. What is meant by a conditional lethal mutation? [4+12]
7. Define lyon hypothesis. [3+13]
8. A dextral snail is self fertilized and produces only sinistral progeny. What is the
probable genotype of this snail and its parents? [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR212306 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Define the terms:
(a) F1 generation
(b) backcross
(c) testcross
(d) pleotropism
(e) epistasis
(f) multiple factor inheritance
(g) give the genotypic ratios of a trihybrid cross using Fork method
(h) criss cross inheritance. [2+2+2+2+3+2+3]
2. Elaborate on the various contributions made in understanding transformation by
Griffith, Avery and his co-workers. [4+12]
3. Describe the mechanism of crossing over? [6+10]
4. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr x F- crosses. [4+12]
5. Give the gametic complement, in term of acentric, dicentric, duplication and defi-
ciencies. [4×4]
6. Describe tautomerism and the way in which theis chemical event may lead to mu-
tation. [3+13]
7. Contrast the evidence leading to the explanation of the different modes of sex
determination in Drosophila and humans. [8+8]
8. State on criteria of non mendelian inheritance. [4+12]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆

Sunday, March 8, 2009

Laboratory Experiments For General , Organic and Biochemistry 4th ed - Bettelheim

Laboratory Experiments For General , Organic and Biochemistry 4th ed - Bettelheim.pdf:--

http://www.4shared.com/file/22914501/60818973/Laboratory_Experiments_For_General__Organic_and_Biochemistry_4th_ed_-_Bettelheim.html

Saturday, March 7, 2009

M.Tech Biotech Colleges in India

1. Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh
(Eligibility - B.sc)

2. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Masab Tank, Mahaveer Marg, Hyderabad
(Eligibility - B.tech)

3. Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi
(Eligibility - BSc. in Physics/Biology/ Agriculture/Pharmacy/Veterianary Science/BE )

4. All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi
(Eligibility - Life sciences/B.tech )

5. Intergarated M.tech Biotech Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
New Delhi
(Eligibility - Class XII with Science)

6. MTech. Industrial Biotechnology Anna University, Centre for Biotechnology
Guindy, Chennai
(Eligibility - B.E/B.tech Biotech )

7. Integrated M.tech Biotech Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi
(Eligibility - Class XII with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics)

8. University of Kolkata
Kolkata - 700073
(Eligibility - B.E/B.tech Biotech)

9. Jadavpur University
PO Jadavpur University, Kolkata
(Eligibility - BE./ BTech.)

10. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Kharagpur M.tech Integrated Biotech( 5.5 yrs course)
(Eligibility - Class XII with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics)

11. University of Lucknow
Badshahbagh, Lucknow
(Eligibility - B.sc/B.tech Biotech )

Saturday, January 31, 2009

BIOTECH COMPANIES IN INDIA

BIOTECH COMPANIES IN INDIA
1)Company Name Alembic Limited
Contact Person's Name Dr. Krishna Kumar Raina
Address A. P. & M. P. Division Alembic Road Vadodara - 390 003
Designation General Manager (Fermentation)
Phone 0265-280550 / 880 Extn. 415
Fax 0265-282931
Contact Person's Email k.k.raina@alembic.co.in
URL www.alembic-india.co.in

2)Company Name All India Biotech Association (AIBA)
Contact Person's Name Mr. Vivek Singhal
Address "VIPSS Centre", 2, Local Shopping Centre, Block EFGH, Masjid
Moth, Greater Kailash-II, New Delhi - 110 048
Designation President
Phone 011-6430546 / 0446
Fax 011-6469166
Contact Person's Email vsinghal@biotech-int.com
URL www.aibaonline.com, www.biotech-int.com

3)Company Name Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Asia Pacific Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. Madhu Naik
Address FF3, First Floor, Palani Center, 32, Venkatanarayan Road, T. Nagar,
Chennai - 600 017
Designation
Phone 044-434 0747
Fax 044 4323770
Contact Person's Email pharma@giasmd01.vsnl.net.in
URL www.apbindia.com

4)Company Name Aristo Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Dr. Manish Maladkar
Address 23-A, Shah Industrial Estate, Off Veera Desai Road, Andheri (W),
Mumbai - 400 053
Designation Medical Advisor
Phone 022-6313619, 6313663, 6301326, 6336229 Extn: 305
Fax 022-6313695
Contact Person's Email
URL

5)Company Name Biotech Consortium India Limited
Contact Person's Name Dr. S. R. Nair
Address 5th Floor, Anuvrat Bhavan, 210, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Marg, New
Delhi - 110 002
Designation Managing Director
Phone 011-3219064-67
Fax 011-3219063
Contact Person's Email bcil@giasdl01.vsnl.net.in
URL www.biotech.co.in

6)Company Name Biotech Equity Research Group
Contact Person's Name D. D. Sharma
Address Sonawala Building, 2nd Floor, 25, bank Street Fort, Mumbai - 400
023
Designation Head-Equity Research
Phone 022-2654676, 2665323
Fax
Contact Person's Email sharmadeendayal@hotmail.com
URL www.biotech.equitysearchcentre.com

7)Company Name BrainWave Bioinformatics Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. S. Rajendran
Address MAC House, 4 Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai -32
Designation Sr. Executive - Business Development
Phone 91 44 2220 0890
Fax 91 44 0230 0194
Contact Person's Email info@brainwave.co.in, rajendrans@brainwave.co.in
URL www.brainwave.co.in

8)Company Name Catalyst Pharma Consulting
Contact Person's Name Mr. Devinder Pal
Address 71, Dharam Jyot, A. B. Nair Road, Juhu, Mumbai - 400 049
Designation President
Phone 022-6201018, 6244552
Fax 022-6202248
Contact Person's Email dpals@vsnl.com
URL www.CatalystPharmaConsult.com

9)Company Name
Chaitanya Healthcare Ecom Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. Pawan Saharan
Address Biomix Network Ltd., Millennium Business Park, Unit 303, Bldg. 6,
Sector III, MIDC, Mahape, New Bombay - 400 709
Designation Chairman and CEO
Phone 022-7781108, 7781110
Fax 022-7781110
Contact Person's Email chaitanyaecom@hotmail.com, saharan@bom3.vsnl.net.in
URL

10)Company Name Chemitech Foundation
Contact Person's Name Mr. Tarun Hukku
Address 26, Maker Chambers VI, Nariman Point, Nariman Point, Mumbai -
400 021
Designation Secretary General
Phone 022-2874758 / 59, 2851734 / 74
Fax 022-2870502
Contact Person's Email tarun@jasubhaimedia.com
URL www.chemtechfoundation.org

11)Company Name Colour-Chem Limited
Contact Person's Name Mr. S. S. Upadhyay
Address Life Science & Electronic Chemicals Divisiion, Mumbai - Agra
Road, Balkum, Thane - 400 608
Designation General Manager - Production LSE
Phone 022-5345060, 5412479 (D)
Fax 022-5345949
Contact Person's Email shyam.upadhyay@clariant.com
URL www.clour-chem.com

12)Company Name Diagnostic Systems Laboratories Inc.
Contact Person's Name Mr. Prasanna S. Harihar
Address 144, Udyog Bhavan, Sonavala Road, Goregaon (EAST), Mumbai -
400 063
Designation Managing Director
Phone 022-8716318
Fax 022-8717380
Contact Person's Email pharihar@dslabs.com
URL
www.DSLabs-IN.com

13)Company Name Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. G. V. Prasad
Address 7-1-27, Ameerpet, Hyderabad - 500 016
Designation CEO
Phone 040-3731946 / 1958
Fax 040-3731995 / 9666
Contact Person's Email gvprasad@drreddys.com
URL www.drreddys.com

14)Company Name Dr. Sastri's Phytolabs
Contact Person's Name Dr. D. C. Sastri
Address 25, Sri Venkateswara Colony , Lothkunta, Secunderabad - 500 015
Designation CEO
Phone 7866625
Fax
Contact Person's Email
URL

15)Company Name Excel Industries Limited
Contact Person's Name Dr. S. Kundu
Address Environ-Biotech Division, Amboli Hill, Veera Desai Road, Andheri
(West), Mumbai
Designation Chief Scientist (R&D)
Phone 022-6367697 / 98, 6316100
Fax 022-6310916
Contact Person's Email kundususanta@hotmail.com skundu@excelind.com
URL www.excelind.com

16)Company Name Fermenta Biotech Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. Krit Patel
Address Opp. Vidyapeeth, S. V. Road, Majiwada, Thane (W)
Designation Managing Director
Phone 022-5341693
Fax 022-5340901
Contact Person's Email
URL

17)Company Name Frost & Sullivan
Contact Person's Name Mr. Nitin Naik
Address Industry Manager - Healthcare Practice, 5, Chunawala Estate,
Kondivitta Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai - 400 059
Designation Industry Manager - Healthcare Practice
Phone 022-8324705
Fax 022-8324713
Contact Person's Email nnaik@fsindia.com
URL www.frost.com

18)Company Name Genhelic Bioinformatics Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. Durgaprasad. B
Address 8-2-541/m/b/2, Road No. 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad - 500 034
Designation Co-Founder
Phone 040-3358288, 6515655, 6512772
Fax 040-3357958
Contact Person's Email durgaprasad_b@yahoo.com
URL

19)Company Name Hi Tech Bio Laboratories
Contact Person's Name Mr. Raghavendra P. Gaikaiwari
Address Survey No. 36/1/1, M. N. 199, Vadgaon Khurd, Pune - 411 041
Designation
Phone 020-4390419 / 4390977
Fax 020-4390978
Contact Person's Email htbl2@vsnl.com/ htbl@yahoo.com
URL www.htblindia.com

20)Company Name International Centre for Genetic and Biotechnology
Contact Person's Name Prof. Virander S. Chauhan
Address ICGEB Campus, P.O.Box: 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -
110 067
Designation Director
Phone 011-6102317, 6189360
Fax 011-6162316
Contact Person's Email virander@icgeb.res.in
URL
www.icgeb.res.in

21)Company Name Jindal Solvent Extractions
Contact Person's Name Mr. Anurag Agrawal
Address Ramnagar Road, Kashipur - 244713, Udham Singh Nagar-
Distt(Uttaranchal)
Designation
Phone 05947-78031, 78724
Fax 05947-75372
Contact Person's Email jindalsolvent@hotmail.com
URL

22)Company Name Landpower Biotech Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. N. P. V. Raju
Address 29 / 242, Ist Floor, Srinivasa Nagar (West), Hyderabad - 500 038
Designation Executive Director
Phone 040-3731899, 6508467
Fax 040-3731899
Contact Person's Email npvraju@landpowerbiotech.com
URL

23)Company Name Life Science Technology
Contact Person's Name Mr. M. T. Rananavare
Address Alfa Laval (India) Limited, Mumbai - Pune Road, Dapodi, Pune - 411
012
Designation Deputy General Manager
Phone 020-7107347, 4116347
Fax 020-7149113
Contact Person's Email manohar.rananavare@alfalval.com
URL http://www.bangalorebio.com/externalsite?http://www.alfalaval.com

24)Company Name Lupin Limited
Contact Person's Name Mr. Satish K. Velankar
Address 159, C. S. T. Road, Kalina Santacruz (East), Mumbai - 400 098
Designation Director - Business Development
Phone 022-6931001 Extn. 409, 6526391 / 6575 / 8350
Fax 022-6526092
Contact Person's Email skvelankar@lupinindia.com
URL

25)Company Name Malladi Research Center
Contact Person's Name Mr. M. Prashanth
Address 52, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Guindy, Chennai - 600 097
Designation CEO
Phone 2345881
Fax 2345884
Contact Person's Email
URL

26)Company Name Nicholas Piramal India Limited
Contact Person's Name Mr. V. P. Kamath
Address 100, Centre Point, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012
Designation Vice-President
Phone 022-4134653 Extn. 1620
Fax 022-4163787
Contact Person's Email vpkamath@nicholaspiramal.co.in
URL www.nicholaspiramal.com

27)Company Name Ocimum Biosolutions Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Ms. Anuradha Acharya
Address 404, Reliance Classic, Road No. 1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad - 500
034
Designation CEO
Phone 040-6627200
Fax 040-6627205
Contact Person's Email info@ocimumbio.com
URL www.ocimumbio.com

28)Company Name Periyar Chemicals Limited
Contact Person's Name Mr. Vishwajit B. Dahanukar
Address Industrial Assurance Building, Churchgate, Mumbai - 400 020
Designation Director
Phone 022-2820663
Fax 022-2811751
Contact Person's Email vishd@vsnl.com
URL

29)Company Name Scigenics (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. S. Gopal
Address 18, Vasudevapuram, Triplicane, Chennai - 600 005
Designation
Phone 044-4928867 / 4929652
Fax 044-4928880 / 4929652
Contact Person's Email scigenics@vsnl.com, scigenic@md3.vsnl.net.in
URL www.scigenics.com

30)Company Name Shantha Biotechnics Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. K. I. Varaprasad Reddy
Address 3rd floor, Serene Chambers Road, No. 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad -
500 034
Designation Managing Director
Phone 040-3548507, 040-3543010, 040-3608843
Fax 040-3548476
Contact Person's Email shantha@hd1.vsnl.net.in
URL www.shanthabiotech.com

31)Company Name Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. V. B. Malwade
Address 2 / F, Satam Indl. Estate, ‘C’ Wing, Dr. Cardinal Gracious Road,
Chakala, Andheri (E), Mumbai - 400 099
Designation
Phone 022-8203882/ 8214005
Fax 022-8380998
Contact Person's Email srl@bom3.vsnl.net.in
URL www.srlchem.com

32)Company Name VARDA Biotech (P) Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Vinod M. Bomman / Vijay Kumar Ambatti
Address # 209, Kartik Complex, New Link Road Andheri ( W), Mumbai – 400
053
Designation Director- Business Planning & Strategy Management / Director-
Business Development
Phone 22-5693 5686 / 2673 0141
Fax 22-5693 5687
Contact Person's Email Vinod@vardabiotech.com, Vijay@vardabiotech.com
URL
www.vardabiotech.com

33)Company Name Yashraj Biotechnology Ltd.
Contact Person's Name Mr. Arvind Bhanushali
Address Plot. No. C-232, TTC IND. AREA, MIDC, Navi Mumbai - 400 705
Designation Director
Phone 022-7686226 / 6285
Fax 022-7686087
Contact Person's Email yashraj@bom8.vsnl.net.in
URL www.yashraj.com

Saturday, January 10, 2009

404 Essential Tests for IELTS – Academic Module

by Donna Scovell, Vickie Pastellas and Max Knobel
AUDIO
http://rapidshare.com/files/124464866/Test_1.mp3
http://rapidshare.com/files/124461878/Test_2.mp3
http://rapidshare.com/files/124467508/Test_3.mp3
http://rapidshare.com/files/124468168/Test_4.mp3

Cambridge IELTS 6 Student’s Book with Answers

Download Ebook (34.31 Mb):
http://rapidshare.com/files/53759558/Cambridge.IELTS.6.Tests.With.Answers.rar
Download Audio (20.82 Mb):
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The Official Guide to the New TOEFL IBT

http://rapidshare.com/files/21923365/Toefl_Official_Guide.rar

Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE): Everything You Need for the Test of Written English

Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE): Everything You Need for the Test of Written English
http://www.paid4share.net/file/12238/9781402208430-140220843X-rar.html

Cambridge Objective IELTS Intermediate CD ROM

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http://rapidshare.com/files/83240312/Cambridge_Objective_IELTS__INTERMEDIATE_IELTS_CD-ROM.part2.rar

IELTS Secrets

IELTS Secrets
http://rapidshare.com/files/33995875/IELTS_Secrets.rar

Check your vocabulary for IELTS

http://rapidshare.com/files/33995862/Check_Your_Vocabulary_for_IELTS.rar

IELTS Speaking Real test

http://rapidshare.com/files/33995869/IELTS_Speaking_Real_Test.rar

IELTS Preparation and Practice: Reading and Writing

http://rapidshare.com/files/106589820/ELTS_Preparation_and_Practice.rar

NOVAS GRE PREP COURSE

LINK:

http://greghosts.googlepages.com/Nova.rar

MOLECULAR MODELLING AND DRUG DESIGN RR REG 2K7

SET :1
1. What are partial atomic charges? How they are related to the electrostatic potential of a molecule? [6+10]
2. Explain the following :(a) simple water models(b) flexible water models. [8+8]
3. Metropolis method is a non-deterministic method. Explain? [16]
4. What are order parameters? Describe their use in molecular simulations. [6+10]
5. (a) Describe Newton’s Laws of motion(b) Describe the three types of situations in molecular dynamics to which Newton’s laws of motion may be applied.(c) Explain the hard-sphere model of molecular dynamics(d) Explain the square well potential method of molecular dynamics. [4+4+4+4]
6. Explain the difference between constraints and restraints and how they are used in a molecular dynamics simulation. [8+8]
7. Derive an expression for canonical partition function of a real gas. [16]
8. Explain the following :(a) cut off region(b) preferential sampling procedure(c) force-bias Monte Carlo method(d) Smart Monte Carlo method. [4+4+4+4]
SET :2
1. Explain the importance of out-of-plane bending in describing the geometry of molecules. [16]
2. What are Van der Waals potential functions? How they are used in modeling Van der Waals interactions. [6+10]
3. Explain in brief the concept of boundaries in molecular systems. [16]
4. What is Ewald Summation method? How is it useful in a molecular simulation program. [4+12]
5. Explain the following :(a) Gear algorithm(b) Rehman algorithm. [8+8]
6. What are the difficulties associated with the simulation of conformationally flexible molecules? Describe how they are dealt with. [6+10]
7. What is Monte Carlo Simulation? Why is it called so? How is it different from molecular dynamics simulation? What kind of technique it uses? [4+4+4+4]
8. Describe the Monte Carlo method of simulation of solute-solvent system. [16]
SET :3
1. What is polarization? What is its importance in molecular modeling? [6+10]
2. Explain the following :(a) simple water models(b) flexible water models. [8+8]
3. Explain the following :(a) heat capacity and molecular simulation(b) virial of a real system(c) pair distribution function(d) radial distribution function. [4+4+4+4]
4. What is a block method in a molecular simulation program? Describe its use and importance in improving the molecular simulation programme. [4+12]
5. (a) Describe Newton’s Laws of motion(b) Describe the three types of situations in molecular dynamics to which Newton’s laws of motion may be applied.(c) Explain the hard-sphere model of molecular dynamics(d) Explain the square well potential method of molecular dynamics. [4+4+4+4]
6. What is relaxation time? How is it used for precision improvement in molecular dynamics simulation. [4+12]
7. Derive an expression for calculating thermodynamic quantities of a system in 6 N-dimensional phase space using Monte Carlo simulation. [16]
8. Describe the Monte Carlo simulation of phase equilibria. [16]
SET :4
1. What is central multipole expansion? How is it used to describe molecules?[4+12]
2. What are Vander Waals interactions? Describe briefly various types of Vander Waals interactions between atom. [6+10]
3. Explain in detail how(a) heat capacity and(b) pressure are calculated from molecular simulations. [8+8]
4. What is a block method in a molecular simulation program? Describe its use and importance in improving the molecular simulation programme. [4+12]
5. Describe very briefly any four integration methods used in molecular dynamics simulation of molecules with continuous potentials. [16]
6. What are holonomic and non-holonomic constraints? How they are used in simulation of flexible molecules? [8+8]
7. Explain the following :(a) equilibrium phase(b) production phase(c) pseudo random numbers(d) linear congruential method. [4+4+4+4]
8. Describe the ‘Widom approach’ in calculation of chemical potential. [16]

MOLECULAR MODELLING AND DRUG DESIGN 2K6 RR REG

SET :1
1.Explain the interactions between aromatic systems with Hunter and Saunders model.
2.What are Vander Waals interactions? Describe briefly various types of Vander Waals interactions between atom. [6+10]
3.Explain the concept of phase space in molecular simulation. [16]
4.(a) What is a molecular simulation? (b) What are the purposes and uses of a computer simulation of a system of molecules? (c) What are the errors that can occur in a molecular simulation? (d) What are the approaches used to eliminate these errors?
5.What are the predictor - corrector methods? How they are different from finite difference methods of molecular dynamics simulation with continuous potential.
6.What is constraint dynamics? How is it used in molecular dynamics simulations?
7.Explain the following : (a) importance sampling (b) Monte Carlo method(c) configuration integral (d) Hamiltonian.
8.What are polymers? What are different types of polymers? What are the different types of models used in simulation of polymers? How do they differ in complexity of simulation?
SET : 2
1.Describe briefly the importance of electrostatic interactions in modeling a molecule.
2.Explain the following : (a) Lennard - Jones 12-6 potential (b) Buckingham potential (c) Lorentz-Berthelot mixing rules (d) triple-dipole correction.
3.Explain the following : (a) time average (b) ensemble average (c) hard sphere model (d) continuous model or flexible sphere model.
4.What is a block method in a molecular simulation program? Describe its use and importance in improving the molecular simulation programme.
5.(a) Explain the factors that determine the choice among different integration methods used in molecular dynamics simulation of molecules with continuous potentials. (b) What is the order of an integration method? Describe its use in moleculardynamics simulation.
6.What is constraint dynamics? How is it used in molecular dynamics simulations?
7.Derive an expression for canonical partition function of a real gas.
8.Describe the Monte Carlo simulation of rigid molecules.

SET :3
1.Describe schematically various parameters contributing to a molecular mechanics force field.
2.Describe the Van der Waals interactions between mono-atomic molecules.
3.What is a radial distribution function? Explain how such functions are used in molecular simulations.
4.What is a block method in a molecular simulation program? Describe its use and importance in improving the molecular simulation programme.
5.Describe very briefly any four integration methods used in molecular dynamics simulation of molecules with continuous potentials.
6.Explain the phenomenon of hydrodynamic vortex in molecular dynamics simulation.
7.What is Monte Carlo Simulation? Why is it called so? How is it different from molecular dynamics simulation? What kind of technique it uses?
8.Describe the Monte Carlo simulation of phase equilibria.
SET :4
1.Explain the interaction between two nitrogen molecules using point-charge electrostatic model.
2.Explain the NCC water model.
3.Explain the following :(a) expectation value(b) time average(c) probability density (d) deterministic method.
4.What is Ewald Summation method? How is it useful in a molecular simulation program.
5.What are finite difference methods? Describe any one such method used in molecular dynamics simulation.
6.What is constraint dynamics? How is it used in molecular dynamics simulations?
7.What is Monte Carlo Simulation? Why is it called so? How is it different from molecular dynamics simulation? What kind of technique it uses? [4+4+4+4]
8.What are polymers? What are different types of polymers? What are the different types of models used in simulation of polymers? How do they differ in complexity of simulation?

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