THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS-2k9

Code No: 43110 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. With a neat sketch explain steps involved in theT,S diagram of a Carnot engine
and derive the equation to give the efficiency of the Carnot engine and mention the
disadvantages? [16]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Elemental balance.
(b) Heat balance in substrate consumption. [8+8]
3. (a) What is the significance of Joules experiment in the formulation of the first
law of thermodynamics?
(b) What do you mean by cyclic process? State and explain the first law for
acyclic process. [8+8]
4. Estimate the consumption of 96 % NaCl and 93 % H2SO4 for the production of
500 kg of HCl if the conversion is 92 %. Estimate the amount of Na2SO4 produced
during the process. Make material balance after the reaction.
2 Nacl + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2HCl
The molecular weights are Nacl = 58.5; H2SO4 = 98; Na2SO4 =142; HCl = 36.5.
[16]
5. Consider the steady state, adiabatic, irreversible flow of an incompressible liquid
in a horizontal pipe of constant cross sectional area. Show that
(a) The velocity is constant
(b) The temperature increases in the direction of flow. [16]
6. The excess Gibbs energy of a particular ternary liquid mixture is represented by the
empirical expression with parameters A12, A13 and A23, functions of temperature
and pressure only GE
RT = A12x1x2 + A13x1x3 + A23x2x3. Determine the implied
expressions for ln γ1 , ln γ2 and ln γ3. [16]
7. What is reterograde condensation and explain P,T diagram in detail? [16]
8. Ethanol can be manufactured by the vapor phase hydration of ethylene according
to the reaction
C2H4 (g)+H2O (g)- - - - - - - - ->C2H5OH (g).
The feed is a gas mixture of 25mol % ethylene & 75mol% of steam.
Given
Go (Po=1bar) is 4570J/mol.
Calculate
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 1
(a) Equilibrium constant at 125oc.
(b) Equilibrium composition. [8+8]
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. With a neat sketch explain steps involved in theT,S diagram of a Carnot engine
and derive the equation to give the efficiency of the Carnot engine and mention the
disadvantages? [16]
2. (a) Describe the inter relationship amongst the metabolism,energy and redox
processes.
(b) Explain the concept that “ATP is the energy shuttle” in the cell. [8+8]
3. Derive the equation

Ho =
H0
o + R
T
RTo

Co
p
R
dT. [16]
4. (a) Explain about intensive and extensive properties.
(b) Heat capacity of air can be approximately expressed as Cp = 26.693 + 7.365
× 10−3 T, Cp is in J/mole-oK and T is in oK. Determine heat given off by one
mole of air whe cooled at one atm pressure from 500 oC to - 100 oC. [8+8]
5. Show that CV = T 􀀀@S
@T
V and 􀀀@CV
@V
T = T @2P
@T2 V
[16]
6. (a) Discuss the importance of fugacity in thermodynamics.
(b) Discuss fugacity & fugacity coefficient for pure species. [8+8]
7. Explain the due point (P,T)and bubble point(P,T) calculations analytically? [16]
8. Derive the equations for phase rule and duhem theorem for reacting systems? [16]
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write about the different types of refrigerants? Derive the coefficient of performance
of the Carnot refrigerator? [16]
2. (a) What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics?
(b) Discuss about general statements of second law of thermodynamics.
(c) It is required to freeze 1 kg of water at 273 K by means of refrigeration machine
with the surroundings at 300 K. The latent heat of fusion at 273 K is 335 kJ/kg.
Determine
i. the minimum amount of work required.
ii. the heat given up to the surroundings. [4+4+8]
3. Write short notes on:
(a) Two forms of virial equation
(b) Ideal gas behavior
(c) mplied property relations for an ideal gas. [4+4+8]
4. With a neat sketch explain the working principle of CSTR. [16]
5. If one kmol of methane is stored in a 0.3m3 tank at 300K, estimate the pressure of
the gas using ideal gas law and Van der Waals equation of state.
Van der Waals equation of state parameters are:
a = 0.2303 Pa h m3
moli2
b = 43.06 × 10−6 m3
mol [16]
6. For ideal gas mixtures prove that
(a) V
ig
i = vig
i
(b) Pi
yiHig
i [16]
7. For LLE show that
1n

2

2 = 1n
1−x
1
1−x
1
[16]
8. Show that for a single reaction
yi = ni/n = nio+vi"
no+v" [16]
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Code No: 43110 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
THERMODYNAMICS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGISTS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. From the residual property relations show that
HR
RT = −T R P
0 􀀀 @z
@T
p dp
p (constant T). [16]
2. (a) Describe the inter relationship amongst the metabolism,energy and redox
processes.
(b) Explain the concept that “ATP is the energy shuttle” in the cell. [8+8]
3. Develop a general energy balance equation for a system. What are different special
cases for bioprocess? Write energy balance equation for each case. [16]
4. Differentiate between Batch reactor and CSTR. [16]
5. Show that Gibb’s energy is the generating function for other thermodynamic prop-
erties. [16]
6. From the definition of chemical potential in terms of fugacity of a species i in
solution, show that
ln  ˆ fi
xiP  = R P
0 􀀀 ¯ Z − 1
dP
P at constant temperature and composition. [16]
7. With a neat diagram explain Txz diagram for ideal liquid solid solution? [16]
8. For a system in which the following reaction occurs
CH4 + H2O ! CO +3H2 Assume there are present initially 2 mol CH4, 1 mol
H2O, 1 mol CO and 4 mol H2. Determine expressions for the mol fractions yi as
functions of reaction co-ordinate? [16]
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