BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS-REG 2K6

Code No: RR422307 Set No.1
IV B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are biosensors? Write in detail about the types of biosensors used in biological
applications? [16]
2. Write in detail about the types of membranes used in biosensors and their merits
and demerites. [16]
3. Write in brief about types of transducers used in biosensors their principles and
applications. [16]
4. Write notes on any two of the following: [16]
(a) Piezo electric Transducers
(b) Chemiluminiscence based biosensors
(c) Impedemetric Transducers.
5. Write in brief about applications of biosensors in Medicine, agriculture and food
industries? [16]
6. Discuss the potential advantages and developments of developing a biomolecular
computer. [16]
7. Write in detail about the following: [16]
(a) Molecular arrays as memory stores
(b) Molecular wires and switches
(c) Mechanisms of unit assembly
in a biomolecular computer.
8. Write in brief the designing of biomolecular photonic computer and it’s commercial
prospects in biotechnology sector. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No.2
IV B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are biosensors? Write in detail about various components of biosensors with
their working mechanism. [16]
2. Write in detail the types of biosensors, their merits and demerits? [16]
3. Write in brief bout types of transducers with their working mechanism and their
applications in biotechnology fields? [16]
4. Write short notes on the following: [16]
(a) Optical Transducers
(b) Conductometric Transducers
(c) Potentiometric Transducers
(d) Chemileuminiscence Transducers.
5. Write short notes on [16]
(a) Molecular arrays
(b) Molecular switches
(c) Mechanisms of unit assembly.
6. Write in brief about biosensors used in [16]
(a) Online Monitoring for industrial processes
(b) Environmental monitoring.
7. Write in brief potential advantages and developments towards a biomolecular com-
puter. [16]
8. Write short notes on the following: [16]
(a) Information processing
(b) Assembly of biomolecular memory store.
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No.3
IV B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write in detail about types of biosensors and their applications in various industrial
& research areas. [16]
2. Write in detail the types of membranes used in biosensors, their working mechnisms
and limitations. [16]
3. Write short notes on the following: [16]
(a) Calorimetric transducers
(b) Piezoelectric transducers
(c) Mechanical transducers
(d) Electronics based transducers.
4. Write in detail the principles and applications of various transducers in biotechnol-
ogy sector. [16]
5. Write short notes on applications of biosensors in [16]
(a) Clinical Industry
(b) Medicine and Healthcare
(c) Agriculture and food
(d) Environmental monitoring.
6. Write short notes on: [16]
(a) Molecular switches
(b) Mechanisms of unit assembly
(c) Molecular arrays.
7. Write in brief about potential developments and advantages of using a biomolecular
computer. [16]
8. Discuss the components and working mechanism of a biomolecular photonic com-
puter and it’s commercial prospects. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No.4
IV B.Tech. II Semester Regular Examinations, April/May -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write in detail types of biosensors and their applications in biotechnology sector.
[16]
2. Write in detail about the components and working mechanism of biosensor. [16]
3. Write in brief about the types of transducers and their applications in industries.
[16]
4. Write the principle and working mechanism of a transducer. State their merits and
demerits. [16]
5. Write short notes on: [16]
(a) Biosensors in clinical chemistry
(b) Biosensors in medicine and healthcare.
6. Write short notes on: [16]
(a) Molecular arrays
(b) Molecular switches
(c) Mechanism of unit assembly.
7. Write in short the need for developing a biomolecular computer and state its
prospectus. [16]
8. How you will design a biomolecular photonic computer? State its components and
working mechanism. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS-supply june 2k6

Code No: RR422307 Set No.1
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are Biosensors? Give their advantages and limitations. [16]
2. Write about types of biosensors and their working mechanisms. [16]
3. What are transducers? Give their principle of working and applications. [16]
4. What are the applications of biosensors in
(a) Medicine and healthcare
(b) Agriculture and food industries. [8+8]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Biomolecular computer
(b) Molecular wires and switches. [8+8]
6. Write about potential advantages of a biomolecular computer. [16]
7. Write in detail about the types of membranes used in biosensor constructions? [16]
8. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Piezoelectric transducers
(b) Impedimetric transducers. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No.2
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write notes on following:
(a) Biocatalyst based biosensors
(b) Bioaffinity based biosensors. [8+8]
2. Write about types of biomembranes used in biosensor construction. [16]
3. What are transducers? Give types of transducers, their principle and working
mechanisms. [16]
4. Write about the applications of biosensors in:
(a) Medicine and Healthcare
(b) Agriculture and food industries. [8+8]
5. Write the advantages of Biomolecular computer and its applications in biotechnol-
ogy fields. [16]
6. Write about applications of biosensors in
(a) Veternary
(b) Clinical chemistry. [8+8]
7. Explain the following:
(a) Mechanisms of unit assembly
(b) Molecular wires and switches. [8+8]
8. Write short notes on :
(a) Amperometric transducers
(b) Optical transducers. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No.3
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write about types of biosensors and their applications in various biological related
fields? [16]
2. Write about types of biomembranes used in construction of biosensors? [16]
3. Write about types of transducers, their working principles and applications? [16]
4. Write in brief about applications of biosensors in
(a) Veternary
(b) Clinical chemistry. [8+8]
5. How one can develop molecular arrays as memory stores in developing a biomolec-
ular computer. Explain. [16]
6. Write about the following:
(a) Mechanisms of unit assembly
(b) Molecular wires and switches. [8+8]
7. Write about the design of a biomolecular photonic computer with all its components
and function. [16]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Amperometric transducers
(b) Optical transducers. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No.4
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2006
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. What are types of biomembranes that are useful in the biosensors? [16]
2. Write about types of biosensors and their applications in biotechnology related
fields. [16]
3. Write about types of transducers, their principle of working mechanism and appli-
cations. [16]
4. Write in brief about applications of biosensors in
(a) Medicine and Healthcare
(b) Agriculture and food industries. [8+8]
5. Write about the following:
(a) Biomolecular computer
(b) Molecular wires and switches. [8+8]
6. How are molecular arrays used as memory stores in developing a biomolecular
computer? [16]
7. Write about the following:
(a) Mechanisms of unit assembly
(b) Bio-Molecular Computing system. [8+8]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Amperometric Transducers
(b) Impedimetric Transducers. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS-suply 2k7

Code No: RR422307 Set No.1
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2007
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Define Biosensors. Write about the industrial applications of Biosensors. [16]
2. Write the Principle, mode of operation, applications and limitations of optical based
transducers in Biosensors. [16]
3. Write about the uses of Biosensors in agriculture and environment. [16]
4. Write short notes on any Two: [2 × 8 = 16]
(a) Applications of biosensors in nanotechnology.
(b) Bio polymers as memory stores.
(c) Mechanical based transducers.
5. Write how biomoleucles can be used as bioelectronic devices in the construction of
biomolecular computers. [16]
6. Write the commercial prospects for biomolecular computing systems. [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Types of membranes used in biosensors.
(b) Schematic diagram of a biosensor. [2×8=16]
8. What are the essential features of a biosensor and what are the criteria to select a
specific type of a biosensor. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: RR422307 Set No.2
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2007
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Define a biosensor. Explain the various components of a biosensor. [16]
2. Write about the significance of biosensors in agriculture. [16]
3. Write short notes on any two: [2×8=16]
(a) Piezoelectric based transducers
(b) Biomolecules as logic gates
(c) Applications of biosensors in nanotechnology.
4. Write how biosensors are useful in the online monitoring of industrial products.
[16]
5. Write the uses of biomolecules as molecular wires and switches. [16]
6. Write the commercial prospects for biomolecular computing systems. [16]
7. Write short notes on: [8+8]
(a) Criteria to select a transducer in biosensor
(b) Photonic biomolecules as memory stores.
8. Write the advantages and disadvantages of biomolecule based computers and silicon
based computers. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: RR422307 Set No.3
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2007
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Define a biosensor. Write about the industrial applications of biosensors. [16]
2. Write the commercial prospects for biomolecular computing systems. [16]
3. Write short notes on any two: [2×8=16]
(a) Information processing in optical biomputers
(b) Essential features of a biosensor
(c) Application of biosensors in nanotechnology.
4. Compare the principle, mode of operation, applications and limitations of mechan-
ical and molecular based transducers. [16]
5. Write the principle, applications, advantages and limitations of conductometric
based transducers in biosensors. [16]
6. Write the mechansims of unit assembly in a biomolecular computer. [16]
7. Write short notes on: [2×8=16]
(a) Photonic biomolecular memory stores
(b) Genetically modified organisms as biosensors.
8. What are the essential features of a biosensor and what are the criteria to select
the specific type of biosensor. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: RR422307 Set No.4
IV B.Tech. II Semester Supplementary Examinations, June -2007
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Define a biosensor. Explain the various components of a biosensor. [16]
2. Write the principle, mode of operation, applications of potentiometric based trans-
ducers in biosensors. [16]
3. Write short notes on any two [2×8=16]
(a) Applications of biosensors in nanotechnology
(b) Molecular electronic based transducers
(c) Essential features of a biosensor.
4. How biosensors can be used in environmental monitoring. [16]
5. Write about the uses of biomolecules as memory storage units in biomolecular
computers construction. [16]
6. Write the uses of biomolecules in optical computing with special reference to bac-
teuorhodopsin. [16]
7. Write short notes on: [2×8=16]
(a) Criteria to select a transducer in biosensor
(b) Chemiluminiscence based biosensors.
8. Write the commercial prospects for biomolecular computing systems. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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DOWN STREAM PROCESSING SUPPLE 2K8

DOWN STREAM PROCESSING SUPPLE, 2008
SET : 1
1. Describe about economic assessment of various proteins via rDNA?
2. Explain the role of Downstream processing and differentiate market sectors in Biotechnology?
3How can you classify cell disruption methods? Explain in brief about them?
4. Write about the pressure leaf filters?
5. Explain about the Basic principles of membrane separation?
6. Discuss about colloidal stability of protein solutuions?
7. Write short notes on :
a) Paper chromatography
b) SDS – PAGE
8. Describe about the process of electrodialysis?
SET : 2
1. Explain the different stages in downstream processing and briefly describe about techniques employed in each stage?
2. Explain about the filtration technique employed for several Bioproducts?
3. Write in detail about the Non – Mechanical methods of cell disruption?
4. What are the various techniques employed in recovery of bioproducts? Explain in brief about them?
5. Write short notes on :
a) Reverse osmosis
b) Ultra filtration
6. Describe about different techniques employed in precipitation?
7. Describe the following :
a) Liquid adsorption chromatography
b) LLC
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis?
SET : 3
1. Examine the continuing role which economics play in bioprocess research, development and commercialization?
2. Explain about the filtration technique employed for several bioproducts?
3. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a homogenizer?
4. What are the various techniques employed in recovery of bioproducts? Explain in brief about them?
5. Explain & describe the following membrane separation process RO and Ultra filtration and clearly delineate between the different process?
6. Describe about different techniques employed in precipitation?
7. Derive the mass balance for fixed bed adsorption?
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis?
SET : 4
1. Explain in detail about bioprocess economics and evaluation of market?
2. Explain the principle of solvent extraction and its applications with an example?
3. Explain about working of a bead mill and on what factors does the optimal conditions in a bead mill depends upon?
4. Write short notes on :
a) Tubular centrifuge
b) Multi chamber centrifuge
5. Write short notes on :
a) Reverse osmosis
b) Ultra filtration
6. Describe about different techniques employed in precipitation?
7. Explain in brief about different methods for electrophoresis?
8. Out line the strategies for crystallization of proteins.

METABOLIC ENGINEERING supply 2007)

SET :1
1. Explain the Jacob Monod model of induction and also regulation of the operon by CAMP. [16]
2. What do you understand by feed back regulation? Explain this with special reference to amino acid biosynthetic pathways. [16]
3. How can you overcome feed back regulation? Explain some strategies by which one can maximize the production of a metabolite of interest. [16]
4. Define primary and secondary metabolites. What is the difference between the two? Give examples for both of them. [16]
5. What are bioconversions? How are these important in synthesis? Explain with specific examples. [16]
6. Explain two of the following:(a) Cometabolism(b) Precursor effects in metabolite synthesis [16]
7. Discuss the different strain improvement methods that are currently being used. [16]
8. Write notes on:(a) Repression(b) Induction(c) Regulation of enzyme synthesis(d) Alteration in permeability. [16]
SET :2
1. Explain the operon concept using Lac and Trp operons as examples. [16]
2. What do you understand by membrane transport? Explain the different transport processes in detail. [16]
3. What is Feed back regulation? How can one overcome feedback regulation? [16]
4. Explain any two of the following:(a) Catabolite repression(b) Alteration in cell permeability(c) Cometabolism. [16]
5. Explain in detail the different strategies that can be adopted for maximizing the yields of secondary metabolite. [16]
6. Distinguish between primary and secondary metabolites. Give at least four examples each for each of them. 1[16]
7. What are the different methods used for strain improvement? [16]
8. Write notes on:(a) Gene dosage(b) Mixed or sequential bioconversions(c) Advantages of bioconversions(d) Isozymes. [16]
SET :3
1. Explain in detail the regulation of amino acid biosynthetic operons. [16]
2. Explain the following:(a) Passive diffusion(b) Active transport(c) Feed back regulation. [16]
3. What are primary and secondary metabolites. Distinguish between the two and give at least four examples for each type of metabolite. [16]
4. What are Bioconversions? What are the factors that effect bioconversions. Discuss its advantages over chemical synthesis. [16]
5. Write about the following in detail:(a) Mutations(b) Gene dosage. [16]
6. Comment on:(a) Importance of altering membrane permeability.(b) Isoenzymes and their role in regulation. [16]
7. What are the different strategies used for strain improvement? Discuss in detail [16]
8. Write short notes on:(a) Mutants resitant to repression(b) Induction(c) Catabolite repression.(d) Conversion of insoluble substances. [16]

SET :4
1. Explain in detail the Jacob Monod model of gene regulation by using the example of Lac and Trp operons. [16]
2. Explain the different modes of membrane transport. [16]
3. What are primary metabolites? How do you formulate different strategies for enhancing the production of primary metabolites.
4. What are secondary metabolites? Explain the phase during which it is synthesized and the methods. [16]
5. Discuss the factors influencing bioconversions. [16]
6. How can one improve the yields of a desired product by both genetic and fermentation methods. [16]
7. Write short notes on:(a) Bioconversion of insoluble products(b) Feed back inhibition. [16]
8. Comment on:(a) Catabolite repression(b) Gene dosage. [16]

METABOLIC ENGINEERING-REG 2K5

Code No: RR412311 Set No.1
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write short notes on:
(a) Passive diffusion
(b) Facilitated diffusion [16]
2. Describe in detail the primary screening involved in strain selection with example.
[16]
3. Describe
(a) Differential regulation by ISO enzymes.
(b) Gene dosage. [16]
4. Explain mixed or sequential Bioconversions with suitable examples. [16]
5. Describe Induction / Repression phenomena in E.coli with examples. [16]
6. Describe Enzyme inhibition and factors involved in it. [16]
7. How does mutation effect the enzyme production? List out the factors involved in
optimization of mutants for high yield protein production? [16]
8. Explain the Fermentation parameters involved in production of wine from yeast.
[16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR412311 Set No.2
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write short notes on:
(a) Feed back repression
(b) CAMP [16]
2. Describe in detail the secondary screening involved in strain selection with example.
[16]
3. Detail the regulation of Enzyme synthesis at Fermentor level. [16]
4. Define Bioconversion and describe in detail the conversion of insoluble substances
by sequential bioconversion. [16]
5. Describe induction and Repression phenomena in yeast, citing Alcohol production
as example. [16]
6. Describe in detail the various modes of diffusion? [16]
7. What is enzyme inhibition and detail the various modes of enzyme inhibition.[16]
8. Distinguish and differentiate concerted feed back regulation and cumulative feed
back regulation with examples. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR412311 Set No.3
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write short notes on:
(a) Cometabolism during Bioconversion
(b) Feed back regulation. [16]
2. List out and describe the parameters involved in scale up of Fermentation (large
scale) from pilot scale. [16]
3. What is bio conversion and what are the advantages of molecules generated by bio
conversion to industry. [16]
4. Explain gene regulation by Jacob and Monad model citing lac operon as example.
[16]
5. Evaluate catabolite regulation with tryptophan operon as example. [16]
6. Explain how gene dosage is evaluated and how does gene dosage effect Fermentation
process. [16]
7. List out the biotechnological application of enzymes (eg:- Proteases, Amylases etc)
Produced by Fermentation. [16]
8. Distinguish and differentiate concerted and cumulative feed back regulation with
examples. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR412311 Set No.4
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Write short notes on:
(a) Strain selection
(b) Isozymes. [16]
2. How can Metabolic pathways be genetically controlled with examples. [16]
3. What is Bioconversion and describe the factors involved in Bioconversion? [16]
4. Describe:
(a) Concerted feed back regulation
(b) Amino acid regulation. [16]
5. Describe the factors contributing to catalytic efficiency of an enzyme. [16]
6. Define Mutation and various modes of generating mutations in improving industrial
biotechnology of an organism? [16]
7. Compare and contrast direct and indirect fermentations citing amino acid synthesis
as example? [16]
8. Describe
(a) Precursor effects in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
(b) Producers of secondary metabolites. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1

METABOLIC ENGINEERING-REG 2K6

Code No: RR412311 Set No.1
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2006
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Describe in detail the primary screening involved in strain selection with an exam-
ple. [16]
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Co-metabolism during bio-conversion.
(b) Concerted feed back regulation. [10+6]
3. Define bioconversion, and list out in detail the advantages of bio conversion in
pharmaceutical industry with suitable examples. [16]
4. What is enzyme inhibition and detail the various modes of enzyme inhibition? [16]
5. Compare and contrast indirect and direct fermentations citing amino acid synthesis
as an example. [16]
6. List out biotechnological applications of enzymes (ex:- Proteases, Amylases etc.)
produced by fermentation. [16]
7. Detail on (with examples)
(a) Active transport
(b) Group transport. [8+8]
8. List out the organisms involved in production of secondary metabolites with detail
on one secondary metabolite as an example. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR412311 Set No.2
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2006
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. How can Metabolic pathways be genetically controlled. Explain with 2 examples.
[16]
2. Write in detail on:
(a) Passive diffusion
(b) Isozymes. [8+8]
3. Explain gene regulation by Jacob-Monad model citing ‘Lac’ operon as example.
[16]
4. Detail how gene dosage is evaluated and how does gene dosage effect fermentation
process. [16]
5. Describe in detail the various modes of diffusion. [16]
6. Explain the Fermentation parameters involved in production of wine from yeast.
[16]
7. Distinguish and differentiate concerted feed back regulation and cumulative feed
back regulation with examples. [16]
8. How can Mutation effect the Enzyme production of an organism. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR412311 Set No.3
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2006
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. List out and describe the parameters involved in scale-up of Fermentation process
from pilot scale. [16]
2. Describe
(a) Gene dosage
(b) Amino acid regulation of RNA synthesis. [10+6]
3. Explain mixed OG sequential bioconversions with suitable examples. [16]
4. Describe catabolite repression with tryptophan operon as example. [16]
5. Define mutation and various modes of generating mutations in improving biotech-
nology for an organism. [16]
6. Describe induction and repression phenomena with E.coli as example. [16]
7. How can permeability of an organism be altered in focus with primary metabolites.
[16]
8. Write a detailed note on:
(a) Glucose effect
(b) Active transport. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1
Code No: RR412311 Set No.4
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2006
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Describe in detail the secondary screening involved in strain selection with an ex-
ample. [16]
2. Write a detailed note on:
(a) CAMP
(b) Feed back repression. [10+6]
3. Define bioconversion and describe the factors involved in bioconversion with an
example. [16]
4. What is antibiotic fermentation and explain it’s methodology in pencillin produc-
tion. [16]
5. List out and detail the factors contributing to catalytic efficiency of Enzymes. [16]
6. How do mutations effect the enzyme production. List out the aspects involved in
optimization of mutants for high yield protein production. [16]
7. Describe in detail the conversion of insoluble substances by mixed or sequential
bioconversions. [16]
8. Write a detailed note on:
(a) Fed-batch fermentation
(b) Continuous fermentation. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-NOV 2K7

Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Define and differentiate START and Restriction point.
(b) What are the factors and mechanisms controlling passage of cells through
these points? [8+8]
2. Name one proto oncogene that functions in signal transduction pathway controlling
cellular proliferation and its oncogenic protein leading to malignant transformation.
[16]
3. Explain why individuals who develop non-hereditary retinoblastoma usually have
tumors in only one eye where as those with hereditary retinoblastoma usually de-
velop tumors in both eyes. [16]
4. Discuss the molecular basis of cancer induction by chemical carcinogens. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. The international comparison of clinical staging is standardized in 1959 under
“TNM” system. Explain in detail the method followed in staging the cancer by the
TNM method. [16]
7. What are Microarray assays? How useful are they in tumor diagnosis? Comment.
[16]
8. What is the main purpose of palliation (surgery) and in what type of cancer is it
recommended? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Enumerate in detail the pathway by which Ras protein checks cell cycle progression
in response to environmental factors. [16]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Describe the function of the normal Rb gene in controlling cell cycle progression.
[16]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. Discuss on the every day exposure of human population to radiations from nat-
ural and artificial sources and proportions contributed by each. Correlate these
exposures with cancers in the present era. [16]
6. What is invasion and describe the mechanism of invasion. [16]
7. What is the main difference between normal radiographic imaging and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging? Which is superior in diagnosis and why? [16]
8. Provide the importance of discussing the psycho-sociological aspects of the patients
as a pre- treatment preparation. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Describe Rb gene locus and the possible mutations that repress the activity of Rb
protein which induces cancer. [16]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. What are the 3 types of UV light? Describe in detail the specific mutagenic actions
produced by each and mention their carcinogenic potentials. [16]
6. Summarize the steps involved in metastasis. [16]
7. What is Aspiration biopsy? Describe the technique, its usefulness and the risk
involved. [16]
8. Write short notes on the following: - [4+4+4+4]
(a) Hypoxic cells
(b) Radiation effect on cell cycle
(c) Cell repair
(d) Repopulation following radiation treatment.
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Enumerate in detail the pathway by which Ras protein checks cell cycle progression
in response to environmental factors. [16]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. What type of mutation causes proto oncogenes to convert them to oncogenes? Give
one specific example. [16]
4. Discuss the different sources of carcinogens that enter our environment and the
proportion contributed by each of these sources towards the development of human
cancers. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. Environmental factors including diet play a very important role in developing can-
cer. Distinguish the dietary factors associated with carcinogenesis showing the
association of food with a specific cancer. [16]
7. What is the main difference between normal radiographic imaging and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging? Which is superior in diagnosis and why? [16]
8. Provide the importance of discussing the psycho-sociological aspects of the patients
as a pre- treatment preparation. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

DOWN STREAM PROCESSING-REG 2K7

Code No: RR412302 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe about Vitamins, Alkaloids, and Nucleosides of commercial interest? [16]
2. Explain about different ways of precipitation and its applications. [16]
3. Write short notes on:
(a) Enzymatic cell lysis
(b) Chemical cell lysis [8+8]
4. Write about the Pressure leaf Filters? [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Liquid membranes
(b) Reverse Osmosis [8+8]
6. Write short notes on:
(a) whole broth treatment
(b) in-situ product recovery [8+8]
7. Describe about different types of support media employed in electrophoresis? [16]
8. Explain the Formation and growth of Crystals? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412302 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are the various products of r DNA and their economic assessment of various
proteins? [16]
2. Describe about extraction using aqueous two phase systems? [16]
3. How can you classify Cell disruption methods? Explain in brief about them? [16]
4. Explain about different types of Filter media and types of Filters used in Biotech-
nology industries? [16]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Describe about different agents employed in precipitation which renders the com-
pounds of interest insoluble? [16]
7. Describe about Chromatographic columns and column packing procedures? [16]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412302 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Design a material balance sheet for certain process and give its capital investment
estimate for the major equipment of the process in material balance sheet? [16]
2. Explain the principle of Solvent extraction and its applications with an example?
[16]
3. Describe about Mechanical methods of Cell disruption? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) Basket Centrifuge
(b) Solid bowl scroll Centrifuge [8+8]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Describe about different techniques employed in Precipitation? [16]
7. Describe in detail about adsorptive chromatographic separation process? [16]
8. Describe about Crystallization process of proteins? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412302 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Give generalized process recovery scheme for enzymes derived form animal, plant,
surface or submerged fermentations? [16]
3. How can you classify Cell disruption methods? Explain in brief about them? [16]
4. What are the various techniques employed in recovery of Bioproducts? Explain in
brief about them? [16]
5. Compare and contrast different modes of filtration process? [16]
6. Describe the importance of process integration and whole broth treatment and
in-situ recovery strategies for product recovery? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Paper chromatography
(b) SDS-PAGE [8+8]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-NOV 2K5

Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Define and differentiate START and Restriction point.
(b) What are the factors and mechanisms controlling passage of cells through
these points? [8+8]
2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C-Ras oncogenes obtained
from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding
sequence. Suggest an explanation. [16]
3. Compare and contrast the anti-tumor activity of P53 and Rb gene. [16]
4. Write short notes on any 4 of the following:- [4x4]
(a) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(b) Aromatic amines
(c) Nitrose amines and nitrose amides
(d) Halogenated compounds
(e) Natural products
(f) Alkalyting agents.
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. On what principle does a mammogram work? Explain its usefulness and drawbacks
in diagnosis. [16]
8. What is the basis of gene therapy in cancer treatment? It is expected to be more
potent and specific against specific cancers- discuss this in the light of available
information and trial phases of the treatment. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) Cyclins
(b) Cyclin dependent kinases
(c) Maturation promotion factor. [8+8]
2. A gene for the growth factor GM-CSF is inserted into a cell that has receptors for
GM-CSF. What molecular changes occur in this cell to convert it to a malignant
cell? [16]
3. (a) Define proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
(b) The normal allele for proto oncogene is considered recessive while that of the
tumor suppressor gene is dominant. Support this concept with explanation.
[8+8]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. What are sunscreen creams made of and what potential damage do they pose in
terms of cancer induction? What role does P53 gene play in removing UV induced
damage in skin? [16]
6. Summarize the steps involved in metastasis. [16]
7. What is Aspiration biopsy? Describe the technique, its usefulness and the risk
involved. [16]
8. What is the main purpose of palliation (surgery) and in what type of cancer is it
recommended? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) Cyclins
(b) Cyclin dependent kinases
(c) Maturation promotion factor. [8+8]
2. Describe the mechanism by which SV40/Human papillioma virus cause human
cancers. [16]
3. (a) List at least 5 different types of tumor suppressor genes.
(b) Describe in short the function of 3 of them in suppressing tumors and possible
cancers they induce when mutated. [8+8]
4. What are Xenobiotics? Describe the mechanism involved in metabolism of xenobi-
otics. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. Cancer development is a multi-step process. Discuss a specific example to support
this concept. [16]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. Describe the response of different tissues following radiation exposure. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2005
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C-Ras oncogenes obtained
from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding
sequence. Suggest an explanation. [16]
3. P53 is designated as the guardian of the genome. Support the concept. [16]
4. What mechanism do chemical carcinogens use in transforming a normal cell into a
malignant cell? Provide one specific example. [16]
5. Describe in detail the various chromosomal damages that ionizing radiations can
produce. Correlate these chromosomal damages with carcinogenesis. [16]
6. What is invasion and describe the mechanism of invasion. [16]
7. Write short notes on the usefulness of the following in cancer diagnosis: - [4x4]
(a) Angiography
(b) Isotope Scan
(c) Ultrasonography.
(d) Mammogram.
8. What biological effects are produced with radiation therapy and how are they
related to cancer treatment? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-REG 2K6

Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe the various check points operating in animal cells.
(b) Discuss the mechanisms by which the check points control cell cycle progres-
sion. [8+8]
2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C-Ras oncogenes obtained
from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding
sequence. Suggest an explanation. [16]
3. Compare and contrast the anti-tumor activity of P53 and Rb gene. [16]
4. Describe Ames Test in detail. Which chemicals are subjected to this test? [16]
5. (a) What are ionizing radiations and what type of damages could they produce
in the DNA molecule? Discuss in detail.
(b) Correlate DNA damage with carcinogenesis. [8+8]
6. (a) List the food components that could be associated with carcinogenic activity.
(b) List the food components that could give protection against carcinogenic ac-
tivity of other compounds. [8+8]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. What different types of damages are expected with radiation therapy and what
response is expected in normal cells and tumor cells to radiation dose?
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) What is autocrine induction?
(b) Write the mechanism of autocrine induction of growth factors leading to ma-
lignant transformation in the cell. [8+8]
3. What type of mutation causes proto oncogenes to convert them to oncogenes? Give
one specific example. [16]
4. Discuss the role of different environmental substances as causative agents of cancers
providing some specific examples. [16]
5. What are the 3 types of UV light? Describe in detail the specific mutagenic actions
produced by each and mention their carcinogenic potentials. [16]
6. Detail the characteristic features that differentiate a benign tumor from a malignant
tumor. [16]
7. (a) On what principle does ultrasonography work?
(b) Cancers in which suspected parts of the body are screened by ultasonography?
[8+8]
8. Describe the different types of radiations and their sources that are used in radio-
therapy for the treatment of cancers. Also describe the radiation units that measure
the dose. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Name a signal transducer molecule that functions in normal cell signaling and its
mutated form which induces cancer. [16]
2. Mutations in proto oncogenes that change them to oncogenes are dominant. Pro-
vide a correct explanation with suitable examples. [16]
3. Name the 2 different types of retinoblastomas. Discuss the genetic basis for each.
[16]
4. Bruce Ames in 1984 stated that “We are eating 10,000 times more of natures’
pesticides than man-made pesticides”. Comment on this statement. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV-A light and the carcinogenic activity
(b) UV-B light and the carcinogenic activity
(c) UV-C light and the carcinogenic activity. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. Which types of tumors could be subjected to surgical treatment? Mention the
benefits and hazards of the surgical procedure. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Which gene involvement is indicated in patient with breast and ovarian carcinomas?
Discuss in detail the mechanism controlling the induction of these cancers. [16]
4. Benzo [a] pyrine is the most well known carcinogen. Which group of chemical
carcinogens produce it and by what mechanism? Name the specific cancers that
show the involvement of this molecule? [16]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. Summarize the steps involved in metastasis. [16]
7. Discuss the usefulness of the Antigen Titre Values in blood tests. Name the antigens
that are tested and their association in the diagnosis and prognosis of specific
cancer. [16]
8. What factors have to be evaluated to make an intelligent plan of the treatment
schedule for the cancer patients? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER-SUPPLY 2K7

Code No: RR412305 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) TGF-
(b) Family of E2F
(c) MPF
(d) Cyclins. [8+8]
2. (a) What is autocrine induction?
(b) Write the mechanism of autocrine induction of growth factors leading to ma-
lignant transformation in the cell. [8+8]
3. P53 is designated as the guardian of the genome. Support the concept. [16]
4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name
the source of these carcinogens. [16]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. Comment on the following for their role in carcinogenesis: -
(a) Fruits & vegetables
(b) Hormones
(c) Vitamins. [6+6+4]
7. Name the different forms of radiographic examinations in diagnosis of tumors of
different types. [16]
8. (a) Name the plant alkaloids used as antineoplastic drugs. What is their main
mechanism of action?
(b) Taking 2 examples from this group, describe their specific action, the type of
cancers treated and side effects produced by them. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Name the 2 main families of proteins that control cell cycle.
(b) Also the specific complexes formed by these families of proteins in animal cells
that control the cell cycle at G1 and G2 check points. [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss the possible mechanisms by which proto oncogenes give rise to onco-
genes. [6]
(b) Give a specific example of at least 2 proto oncogenes that have become onco-
genes and their protein products. [4]
(c) Cellular activity that is affected by these oncogenes. [6]
3. Name the 2 different types of retinoblastomas. Discuss the genetic basis for each.
[16]
4. Describe Ames Test in detail. Which chemicals are subjected to this test? [16]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Write short notes on the usefulness of the following in cancer diagnosis: - [4x4]
(a) Angiography
(b) Isotope Scan
(c) Ultrasonography.
(d) Mammogram.
8. Name the major classes of drugs that are used in chemotherapy of cancer patients
with at least one example in each and describe the mechanism of their action. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe the phases of cell cycle and the events that occur in each. Name the
important phases that check cell cycle progression. [16]
2. Name one proto oncogene that functions in signal transduction pathway controlling
cellular proliferation and its oncogenic protein leading to malignant transformation.
[16]
3. What type of mutation causes proto oncogenes to convert them to oncogenes? Give
one specific example. [16]
4. Discuss the role of different environmental substances as causative agents of cancers
providing some specific examples. [16]
5. Write short notes on any 2 of the following:-
(a) UV radiation and carcinogenesis
(b) Ionizing radiation and carcinogenesis
(c) Defects in DNA repair enzymes and carcinogenesis. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Compare the 2 techniques- ‘Biopsy’ and ‘Papsmear’ with reference to technical
ease, results obtained, tissues to be screened and risk factors. Are they mutually
exclusion techniques? [16]
8. What biological effects are produced with radiation therapy and how are they
related to cancer treatment? [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412305 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Name the different members of the family of cyclins and cyclin dependent
kinases
(b) With the help of a diagram, demonstrate how these members control cell cycle
regulation. [8+8]
2. (a) Define transformation of cells.
(b) Describe the changes produced when cells in normal tissue culture are trans-
formed by tumor viruses. [8+8]
3. Describe the function of the normal Rb gene in controlling cell cycle progression.
[16]
4. (a) Based on the mode of action on DNA, into how many, groups are chemicals
classified? Name them.
(b) Describe in detail the mechanism of action of one of the groups in inducing
mutations. [8+8]
5. (a) Name the different units that measure radiation energy.
(b) Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects. [8+8]
6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as
cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.
[16]
7. Describe the basis on which radio labeled monoclonal antibodies Scintigraphic
imaging is used. Which antigens are detected by this test? [16]
8. Name the major conventional therapies for cancer. Summarize the role of each in
cancer treatment. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1

DOWN STREAM PROCESSING-SUPPLY-2K6

Code No: RR412302 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe about Vitamins, Alkaloids, and Nucleosides of commercial interest? [16]
2. Explain the role of Downstream processing in Biotechnology? [16]
3. How can you classify Cell disruption methods? Explain in brief about them? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) Tubular Centrifuge
(b) Multi chamber centrifuge [8+8]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Outline the advantages and disadvantages three basic types of precipitation reac-
tions, batch reactor, CSTR and tubular reactor? [16]
7. Describe the following:
(a) Liquid adsorption chromatography
(b) LLC [8+8]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Secondary nucleation
(b) Heterogeneous nucleation [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR412302 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Explain about the primary isolation techniques? [16]
3. Describe about Mechanical methods of Cell disruption? [16]
4. Describe about Membrane Filter press with a neat sketch? [16]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Describe about different techniques employed in Precipitation? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Paper chromatography
(b) SDS-PAGE [8+8]
8. Outline the strategies for Crystallization of proteins? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe about economic assessment of various proteins via r DNA? [16]
2. Explain about the primary isolation techniques? [16]
3. How can you classify Cell disruption methods? Explain in brief about them? [16]
4. Explain about different types of Filter media and types of Filters used in Biotech-
nology industries? [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Liquid membranes
(b) Ultra filtration [8+8]
6. Describe about different techniques employed in Precipitation? [16]
7. Explain about different types of Adsorbents employed in Adsorption process?[16]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, March 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Explain the principle of Solvent extraction and its applications with an example?
[16]
3. Write in detail about physico-mechnaical methods of Cell disruption? [16]
4. Explain about different types of Filter media and types of Filters used in Biotech-
nology industries? [16]
5. Explain and describe the following membrane separation process Dialysis and Liq-
uid membranes? [16]
6. Explain in detail about extraction fundamentals? [16]
7. Explain about different Chromatography employed for separation of complex mix-
tures? [16]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
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DOWN STREAM PROCESSING-SUPPLY-2K7

Code No: RR412302 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are the various products of r DNA and their economic assessment of various
proteins? [16]
2. Describe about primary factors affecting separation? [16]
3. Write in detail about physico-mechnaical methods of Cell disruption? [16]
4. Explain about Cell aggregation and Flocculation? [16]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Explain the various factors that influence protein solubility? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Paper chromatography
(b) SDS-PAGE [8+8]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe about preliminary economic analysis or cost analysis performed in Bio-
process? [16]
2. Explain the role of Downstream processing and different market sectors in Biotech-
nology? [16]
3. Explain with a neat sketch the working of Homogenizer? [16]
4. Explain about Cell aggregation and Flocculation? [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Reverse Osmosis
(b) Ultra filtration [8+8]
6. Describe the importance of process integration and whole broth treatment and
in-situ recovery strategies for product recovery? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Paper chromatography
(b) SDS-PAGE [8+8]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Explain the role of Downstream processing in Biotechnology? [16]
3. Write in detail about physico-mechnaical methods of Cell disruption? [16]
4. What are the various techniques employed in recovery of Bioproducts? Explain in
brief about them? [16]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Discuss about Colloidal stability of protein solutions? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Rocket Immuno electrophoresis
(b) Capillary electrophoresis [8+8]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Secondary nucleation
(b) Heterogeneous nucleation [8+8]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Explain about the Filtration technique employed for several Bioproducts? [16]
3. Write short notes on:
(a) Homogenizer
(b) Bead mill [8+8]
4. What are the Factors influencing Sedimentation rates of particles in Batch gravity?
[16]
5. How can RO and Ultra filtration complement each other? [16]
6. Describe about different techniques employed in Precipitation? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Paper chromatography
(b) SDS-PAGE [8+8]
8. Explain about the Principle and application of Gel Permeation chromatography?
[16]
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DOWN STREAM PROCESSING-REG 2K6

Code No: RR412302 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Describe about extraction using aqueous two phase systems? [16]
3. Explain about working of a bead mill and on what factors does the optimal condi-
tions in a Bead mill depends upon? [16]
4. Write short notes on:
(a) Basket Centrifuge
(b) Solid bowl scroll Centrifuge [8+8]
5. What are the different types of Membranes available for separations and explain
about different membrane configurations? [16]
6. Explain the concept of DLVO theory? [16]
7. Explain about the basic concepts of Electrophoresis? [16]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe about economic assessment of various proteins via r DNA? [16]
2. Give generalized process recovery scheme for enzymes derived form animal, plant,
surface or submerged fermentations? [16]
3. How can you classify Cell disruption methods? Explain in brief about them? [16]
4. Write about the Pressure leaf Filters? [16]
5. How can RO and Ultra filtration complement each other? [16]
6. Describe about different techniques employed in Precipitation? [16]
7. Write short notes on:
(a) Distribution coefficients
(b) Modes of chromatography [8+8]
8. Explain about the process of Dialysis? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Examine the continuing role which economics plays in Bioprocess research,development
and commercialization? [16]
2. Explain about the Filtration technique employed for several Bioproducts? [16]
3. What is meant by cell disruption and explain about the functioning of Bead mill?
[16]
4. Explain about Cell aggregation and Flocculation? [16]
5. Write short notes on:
(a) Liquid membranes
(b) Ultra filtration [8+8]
6. Describe about different methods for extraction of Bioproducts? [16]
7. Derive the mass balance for fixed bed adsorption? [16]
8. Explain and classify the types of Crystallization used based on how supersaturation
is achieved? [16]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2006
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe about preliminary economic analysis or cost analysis performed in Bio-
process? [16]
2. Explain about the Filtration technique employed for several Bioproducts? [16]
3. Write short notes on:
(a) Enzymatic cell lysis
(b) Chemical cell lysis [8+8]
4. What is the difference between sedimentation and Centrifugation and List the ad-
vantages and disadvantages of Centrifugation? [16]
5. Write about different modes of operation of filters? [16]
6. Describe about different techniques employed in Precipitation? [16]
7. Explain about Affinity electrophoresis and Immuno electrophoresis? [16]
8. Describe about the process of Electro Dialysis? [16]
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DOWN STREAM PROCESSING-nov 2k5 reg

Code No: RR412302 Set No.1
4 B.Tech. 1 Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Characterize the biotechnology products. [4]
(b) Explain the various steps involved in Down Stream Processing. [12]
2. Describe the principles of various techniques available for the separation of solids
from fermentation broth ad their relative merits and demerits. [16]
3. Discuss the various types of membrane based separations in detail. [16]
4. (a) Describe briefly principles of Gel filtration, affinity and ion-exchange chro-
matography.
[6]
(b) A protein isolated from tumor biopsy was found to show PI of 4.8. Which
form of anion-exchange chromatography is suitable for the purification of this
protein.
[4]
(c) Assume that you are performing Gelfiltration chromatography of sample A on
a matrix whose nolecular mass fraction range is 1000 KDa - 5 KDa. Sample
A contains Protein 4(2,000,000 Da), Protein U (5,00,000 Da), Peptide T(2500
Da), Protein X (2,25,000 Da), Protein V(1,500, 000 Da), Protein Z(75,000
Da) and Peptide D(5,000 Da). Arrange them in their order of elution and
give justification for the order. [6]
5. (a) Describe electrophoresis technique and the principles to estimate the molecular
masses of proteins and nucleic acids. [10]
(b) You have been given a sample containing mixtures of proteins; protein A(Mol.
Mass 20 kDa, net charge-2), protein B(Mol. Mass. 20 kDa, net charge -6)
and protein C(Mol. Mass 20 kDa, net charge - 15). Theoretically how many
protein bands do you expect in the native PAGE ad in SDS-PAGE. Explain
the reason.
[6]
6. (a) Explain the principle of extraction. Describe single stage and multi stage
extraction methods. [10]
(b) A water solution containing 1% of a certain solute A is to be extracted with
a solvent at 200C. Water and solvent are immiscible. Determine the percent
extraction of the solute when
i. 100 kg of feed solution is extracted once with 150 kg of solvent.
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Code No: RR412302 Set No.1
ii. Three ideal extraction are carried out using 50kg of solvent each time.
The equalibrium data is as follows. [6]
x, kg solute/kg water × 102: 0.0 1.011 2.46 7.51 9.98 20.40
y, kg solute/ kg solvent × 102: 0.0 0.807 2.30 6.86 9.31 18.70
7. (a) Describe biospecific affinity chromatography. [8]
(b) Write on the criteria used for selection of extraction equipment in Antibiotic
Industry. [8]
8. Write short notes on: [4 × 4 = 16]
(a) Concentration polarization and cross flow filtration
(b) Principle of super critical fluid extraction
(c) Cell disruption methods
(d) Precipitation methods.
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: RR412302 Set No.2
4 B.Tech. 1 Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Characterize the Biotechnology products. [4]
(b) What do you understand by upstream and down stream processing? Discuss
with neat flowcharts. [12]
2. When do you Prefer centrifugation over conventional filtration. Explain various
types of centrifuges. [16]
3. Describe the operation of super critical fluid extraction. Give a neat sketch of the
block diagram. What are the advantages of super critical fluid in the extraction
operation. [16]
4. (a) What is liquid liquid extraction and explain partition coefficient? [6]
(b) Penicillin B to be extracted from the clarified fermentation beer by using pure
amyl acetate as solvent at PH 4.0. The distribution co-effecient, k of the
system was found to be 32. The initial concentration of Penicillin in the feed
B 400 ml/L. The flowrates of the feed ad solvent streams are 500 L/h ad 30
L/h respectively.
i. How many ideal stages (counter curret contact)are required to recover
97% of penicillin in the feed.
ii. If three counter current stages are used, what will be the percent recovery.
iii. If three cross current stages are used with equal solvent flow rate (10 L/h
each), what will be the percet recovery. [10]
5. (a) Explain various methods of carrying out crystallization. [8]
(b) Discuss the phenomenon of precipitation in detail. [8]
6. (a) Describe briefly principles of Gel filtration, affinity and ion-exchange chro-
matography. [6]
(b) A protein isolated from tumor biopsy was found to show PI of 4.8. Which
form of anion-exchange chromatography is suitable for the purification of this
protein. [4]
(c) Assume that you are performing Gelfiltration chromatography of sample A
on a matrix whose nolecular mass fractio range is 1000 kDa-5kDa. Sample A
contains Protein 4(2,000,000 Da), Protein U (5,00,000 Da), Peptide T(2500
Da), Protein X(2,25,000 Da), Protein V(1,500,000 Da), Protein Z(75,000 Da)
and Peptide D(5,000 Da). Arrange them in their order of elutio, and give
justification for the order. [6]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No.2
7. (a) Describe electrophoresis techniques and the principles to estimate the molec-
ular masses of proteins and nucleic acids. [10]
(b) You have been given a sample containing mixutres of proteins; protein A(Mol.
Mass 20 kDa, net charge-2), Protein B(Mol. Mass. 20 kDa, net charge - 6)
and protein C(Mol. Mass 20 kDa, net charge - 15). Theoretically how many
protein bands do you expect in the native PAGE and in SDS-PAGE. Explain
the reason. [6]
8. Write short notes on: [4 × 4 = 16]
(a) Chemical cell disruption
(b) Rotatory vacume filter
(c) Ultrafiltration
(d) Dialysis
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: RR412302 Set No.3
4 B.Tech. 1 Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. Indicate the objectives of upstream and down stream stages in an industrial bio-
process. Describe in detail the sequential steps involved in Down Stream process-
ing?
[16]
2. (a) Explain how do you classify the memebrane separation methods according to
particle size. [5]
(b) Make a comparision between conventional filtration and cross flow filtration.
[5]
(c) Explain briefly about Reverse Osmosis. [6]
3. (a) What are the criteria for selecting a good solvent for solvent extraction. Ex-
plain multistage extraction? [10]
(b) It is desired to extract 4950 kg/hr of a solution containing 39.4 % of component
A and 60.61% solvent B, with a solvent C which is completely immisable with
solvent B. How many stages are required to recover 95% of component A in
the extract, if 6000 kg/hr of solvent C is fed to the stage of counter current
multiple contact process? [6]
kg of A/kg of B: 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
kg of A/kg of C: 0.09 0.14 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.40 0.45 0.50
4. (a) Explain the principle involved in super critical fluid extraction. [8]
(b) Explain various types of filters used in separation of solids. [8]
5. (a) Describe briefly principles of Gel filtration, affinity and ion-exchange chro-
matography. [6]
(b) A protein isolated from tumor biopsy was found to show PI of 4.8. Which
form of anion-exchange chromatography is suitable for the purificatio of this
protein. [4]
(c) Assume that you are performing Gelfiltration chromatography of sample A
on a matrix whose nolecular mass fractio range is 1000 kDa-5kDa. Sample A
contains Protein 4(2,000,000 Da), Protein U (5,00,000 Da), Peptide T(2500
Da), Protein X(2,25,000 Da), Protein V(1,500,000 Da), Protein Z(75,000 Da)
and Peptide D(5,000 Da). Arrange them in their order of elution and give
justification for the order. [6]
6. (a) Describe electrophoresis techniques and the principles to estimate the molec-
ular masses of proteins and nucleic acids. [10]
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Code No: RR412302 Set No.3
(b) You have been given a sample containing mixutres of proteins; protein A(Mol.
Mass 20 kDa, net charge-2), Protein B(Mol. Mass. 20 kDa, net charge - 6)
and protein C(Mol. Mass 20 kDa, net charge - 15). Theoretically how many
protein bands do you expect in the native PAGE and in SDS-PAGE. Explain
the reason. [6]
7. (a) With the help of a neat block diagram describe a typical ion exchange process
(Including elution and re-generation) for the recovery of a fermentation prod-
uct from the broth. [12]
(b) What are various factors that affect the resolution in a gel filtration chro-
matography.
[4]
8. Write short note on: [4 × 4 = 16]
(a) Density gradient centrifugation
(b) Cell disruption methods
(c) Role of filter aid infiltration
(d) Crystallization
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: RR412302 Set No.4
4 B.Tech. 1 Semester Regular Examinations, November -2005
DOWN STREAM PROCESSING
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Mention at least five bioprocess products and list out the unique characterstics
of bioseparation products. [4]
(b) Explain the various steps involved in Down Stream Processing. [12]
2. (a) Explain the recent development in product isolation. [8]
(b) What are the various methods used in cell disruption. Explain the advantages
and disadvantages of each method. [8]
3. (a) Differentiate between conventional filteration and cross flow filtration. [6]
(b) What is the use of filter aids infilteration give some examples of filter aids. [4]
(c) Explain Batch filters used in the seperation of solids. [6]
4. (a) Explain the principle of extraction. Describe single stage and multi stage
extraction methods. [10]
(b) Water containing 6.8 mg/lit of a steriod is extracted wiht pure methylene dis-
chloride. The equalibrium constant (distribution Co-efficient) for the steriod
is 770 and the ratio of water to solvent used is 82. What is the concentration in
the organic after the extraction. What fraction of the steriod will be removed.
[6]
5. (a) Describe electrophoresis techniques and the principles to estimate the molec-
ular masses of proteins and nucleic acids. [10]
(b) You have been given a sample containing mixutres of proteins; protein A(Mol.
Mass 20 kDa, net charge-2), Protein B(Mol. Mass. 20 kDa, net charge - 6)
and protein C(Mol. Mass 20 kDa, net charge - 15). Theoretically how many
protein bands do you expect in the native PAGE and in SDS-PAGE. Explain
the reason. [6]
6. (a) Describe briefly principles of Gel filtration, affinity and ion-exchange chro-
matography. [6]
(b) A protein isolated from tumor biopsy was found to show PI of 4.8. Which
form of anion-exchange chromatography is suitable for the purificatio of this
protein. [4]
(c) Assume that you are performing Gelfiltration chromatography of sample A
on a matrix whose nolecular mass fractio range is 1000 kDa-5kDa. Sample A
contains Protein 4(2,000,000 Da), Protein U (5,00,000 Da), Peptide T(2500
1 of 2
Code No: RR412302 Set No.4
Da), Protein X(2,25,000 Da), Protein V(1,500,000 Da), Protein Z(75,000 Da)
and Peptide D(5,000 Da). Arrange them in their order of elution and give
justification for the order. [6]
7. (a) Explain various methods of carrying of crystallization. [8]
(b) Discuss the phenomena of precipitation in detial. [8]
8. Write short note on: [4 × 4=16]
(a) Tubular Bowl centrifuge
(b) Membrane separations
(c) Principle of super critical fluid extraction
(d) Dialysis
? ? ? ? ?
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