CELL BIOLOGY-may supply 2009

Code No: 33111 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Describe the structure of a generalized prokaryotic cell. Indicate the ways in which
a prokaryotic cell would differ in structure from the generalized eukaryotic cell. [16]
2. What are microtubules structurally and functionally? [16]
3. What are cell organelles? Why are mitochondria important for the functioning of
eukaryotic cells? [16]
4. What are Lysosomal & Vacuolar membrane pumps? [16]
5. During which phase of mitosis do the nucleolus and the nuclear membrane break
down and disappear? Describe the roles that the spindle fibers play in mitosis.
[16]
6. Q14. Write short notes on:
(a) Pattern of stem cell division
(b) Different types of stem cells. [8+8]
7. How are receptors involved in cellular regulation? [16]
8. Citing a suitable example, explain the role of cAMP as secondary messenger in
hormone action. [16]
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Code No: 33111 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Compare and contrast the properties and strategies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells in terms of cell size, compartmentalization, nuclei, internal membranes, DNA
and cell specialization. [16]
2. Discuss the major components of plasma membrane. [16]
3. Discuss each of the following:
(a) the structure and role of the cell membrane
(b) the structure and role of mitochondria. [16]
4. What is the difference between simple diffusion and Fasciliated diffusion? [16]
5. Give an overview of the major events taking place in a typical eukaryotic cell cycle.
[16]
6. With respect to cell differentiation write notes on:
(a) Cytoplasmic determinants
(b) Nucleoplasmic interactions. [8+8]
7. Briefly explain the different classes of cell surface receptors. [16]
8. Using a suitable example discuss the role of secondary messengers in signal trans-
duction. [16]
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Code No: 33111 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. How can you determine whether a unicellular organism is a prokaryote or a eukary-
ote? Justify your statement with suitable illustrations. [16]
2. Discuss the importance of Carbon in a living cell. [16]
3. Cite the one unique function of each of the following: plasma membrane, nucleus,
nuclear envelope, mitochondrion, chloroplast, RER, SER, Golgi complex, secretory
vesicles, lysosome, peroxisomes, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfila-
ments, intermediate filaments, extracellular matrix, cell wall. [16]
4. What are Lysosomal & Vacuolar membrane pumps? [16]
5. Write about the early experiments, which led to the discovery of cyclin dependent
kinases. [16]
6. Using suitable examples explain cytoplasmic determinants in cell differentiation.
[16]
7. Define a “receptor”. Discuss briefly the different types of receptors. [16]
8. Define signal transduction and explain it briefly. [16]
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Code No: 33111 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CELL BIOLOGY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Compare and contrast the properties and strategies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells in terms of cell size, compartmentalization, nuclei, internal membranes, DNA
and cell specialization. [16]
2. Justify the statement “Plasma membrane acts as a semi-permeable membrane in
libing cells”. [16]
3. What is the function of Peroxisomes? Where are they present? [16]
4. Describe the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis with suitable illustrations.
[16]
5. Drawl and label the cell cycle and describe the events that occur during each
stage/phase of the cell cycle. [16]
6. Discuss the general characteristics of cell differentiation. [16]
7. What role does flagellar motion play in bacterial chemo taxis? [16]
8. Define signal transduction and explain it briefly. [16]
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BIO-CHEMISTRY-supply,jun 2k9

Code No: RR212304 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What is a disaccharide ?
(b) Give two examples with structure?
(c) Discuss the role of any two disaccharides is nutritional metabolism? [3+4+9]
2. Write briefly on
(a) Dextrans
(b) Glycosaminglycans
(c) Glycosidic bond [5+5+6]
3. Describe the regulatory steps in the biosynthesis of
(a) Cholesterol
(b) Fatty acids [8+8]
4. Write short notes on
(a) Ammoina formationin biological systems.
(b) Any three specialized products of aminoacids.
(c) Zwitter ion. [5+5+6]
5. (a) What are different biosynthetic families of amino acids:- Bacteria and plant
discuss briefly.
(b) What are the processors for amino acid biosynthesis. [8+8]
6. Describe the pathways involved in:
(a) Glycogenesis
(b) Glycogenolysis [8+8]
7. Differentiate between oxygen-producing photosynthesis and bacterial photosynthe-
sis. [8+8]
8. C4 plants are typical of highly luminous environments, and may be more affected
by shade than C3 plants. Why do you think this may happen? [16]
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Code No: RR212304 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What is a disaccharide ?
(b) Give two examples with structure?
(c) Discuss the role of any two disaccharides is nutritional metabolism? [3+4+9]
2. What is a glycosidic bond? Illustrate with structures of suitable examples [16]
3. Write notes on the following:-
(a) Very low density lipoproteins.
(b) Fatty acid break down. [8+8]
4. Give any three reactions of aminoacids and add a note on titration curves. [16]
5. Describe the pathways in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [16]
6. Schematically trace the pathways involved in the synthesis of glucose from
(a) Alanine
(b) Fatty acid [8+8]
7. What is photosynthesis? Describe the bacterial photosynthesis mechanism.[3+13]
8. What are the primary products of photosynthesis and how do other organisms use
them? [5+11]
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Code No: RR212304 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) What is a disaccharide ?
(b) Give two examples with structure?
(c) Discuss the role of any two disaccharides is nutritional metabolism? [3+4+9]
2. Enumerate the major storage forms of carbohydrates in plants. Illustrate the salient
features of the carbohydrates in plants. [8+8]
3. Describe the regulatory steps in the biosynthesis of
(a) Cholesterol
(b) Fatty acids [8+8]
4. Explain the role of pyruvate in nitrogen fixation. [16]
5. Describe the pathways in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [16]
6. “TCA cycle is the final common pathway of oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins
and lipids”- Substantiate the statement. [16]
7. Define the following terms: photosynthesis, light reaction, and dark reaction. [16]
8. List the inputs (raw materials) and outputs (products) of the light dependent re-
actions and the Calvin Cycle. [16]
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Code No: RR212304 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
BIO-CHEMISTRY
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Name four monosaccharides and their natural occurance in nature.
(b) Write their chemical structures.
(c) Discuss their importance in nature. [4+4+8]
2. Illustrate the branching points of glycogen and starch polysaccharides. Explain the
salient features of these polymers. [16]
3. Explain how the processes- biosynthesis and break down of fatty acids are regulated.
[16]
4. What is a peptide linkage? Describe how aminoacid sequence determines primary
structure of proteins. [3+13]
5. Describe the pathways in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. [16]
6. Describe the pathways involved in:
(a) Glycogenesis
(b) Glycogenolysis [8+8]
7. Discuss the process of plant photosynthesis in detail. How is it different from the
bacterial photosynthesis? [8+8]
8. C4 plants are typical of highly luminous environments, and may be more affected
by shade than C3 plants. Why do you think this may happen? [16]
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CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS-SUPPLY JUN 2009

Code No: RR212305 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. A gas is confined in a cylinder by a piston, 2 in. in diameter, on which rests
a “weight”. The mass of the piston and weight together is 8 lbm. The local
acceleration of gravity is 32.00 ft/sec2. Assume standard atmospheric pressure.
(a) What is the force exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston, and the
weight in pounds force, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in pounds force per square inch?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it will expand, pushing the piston and
weight upward. Assuming that enough heat is supplied to raise the piston
and weight 8 in., calculate the work done by the gas in raising the piston and
weight. What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight? Give
your answers in foot-pounds force. [4+4+8]
2. Write short notes:
(a) Explain with a schematic diagram the adsorption refrigeration machine.
(b) Write about liquefaction processes. [8+8]
3. Determine expressions for GR,HR and SR implied by the van der Waals equation
of state. [16]
4. A stream of nitrogen flowing at the rate of 2kg/sec and a stream of hydrogen flowing
at the rate of 0.5kg/sec mix adiabatically in a steady-flow process. If the gases are
assumed ideal, what is the rate of entropy increase as a result of the process? [16]
5. Explain the relation between equilibrium and stability in a closed system. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. EMP pathway and lipid synthesis. [16]
8. (a) The growth of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be given by the follow-
ing overall stoichiometry equation
C6H12O6(aq) + 0.188NH3! 0.590 CH1.737N0.2O0.451+ 0.432 C H3 H8O3
+1.54 C02(aq) + 1.30 C2H50H (aq) + 0.036 H20 (1)
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 1

G0= - 167.9 MJ/Kmol.
Give a schematic representation of the fermentation process.
(b) Humid air enriched with oxygen is prepared for gluconic acid fermentation.
The air is prepared in a special humidifying chamber 1.5 lit/h liquid water
enters the chamber at the same time as dry air, and 15 g-moles/min dry
oxygen gas. All the water is evaporated. The out flowing gas is found to
contain 1% (w/w) of water. Draw and label the flow sheet for the process.
[16]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Write about the phase rule for homogeneous substances.
(b) Write about heat capacity and specific heat. [8+8]
2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]
(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.
(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.
3. Show that for a gas obeying the equation of state PV (1-bP)=RT,
(a) △G=RT In [P2(1 − bP1)/P1(1 − bP2)]
(b) △A=RT In [P2(1 − bP1)/P1(1 − bP2)] − RT/(1 − bP2) + RT/(1 − bP1) [8+8]
4. A stream of nitrogen flowing at the rate of 2kg/sec and a stream of hydrogen flowing
at the rate of 0.5kg/sec mix adiabatically in a steady-flow process. If the gases are
assumed ideal, what is the rate of entropy increase as a result of the process? [16]
5. The Stability criteria apply to a particular phase. However, there is nothing to
preclude their application to problems in phase equilibria,where the phase of interest
(e.g; a liquid mixture) is in equilibrium with another phase (e.g; a vapour mixture).
Considerbinary isothermal vapour/liquid equilibria at pressures low enough that the
vapour phase may be considered an ideal-gas mixture.what are the implications of
liquid-phase stability to the features of isothermal P-X-Y diagrams. [16]
6. Determine the number of degrees of freedom F for each of the following systems.
(a) A system of two miscible Non reacting species which exists as an azeotrope in
vapour/liquid equilibrium.
(b) A system prepared by partially decomposing CaCo3 into an evacuated space.
(c) A system prepared by partially decomposing NH4Cl into an evacuated space.
(d) A system consisting of the gases CO, CO2, H2, H2O, and CH4 in chemical
equilibrium. [4+4+4+4]
7. (a) Explain the Gaden classification from stoichiometric point of view the product
formation in fermentation processes.
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 2
(b) The following stoichiometric equation describes penicillin systhesis
1.5Glucose+H2SO4+2NH3 + phenyl acetate→ Pencillium G + CO2+8H2O
the theoretical yield of pencillium is 1.2g/(gram of glucose). Find out the
molecular weight of pencillium G. [8+8]
8. Explain the Equations that can be solved to determine the stoichiometric coefficient.
[16]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Explain the PVT relationships with a neat diagrams. Indicate the triple point.
(b) Write the Virial equation of state, and define the compressibility factor.[8+8]
2. Write short notes: [4x4=16]
(a) Explain the Carnot refrigeration cycle.
(b) Write about the air refrigeration cycle.
(c) Compare the refrigeration cycles.
(d) Write about the choice of refrigerant.
3. (a) Show that for a gas obeying the Vander Walls equation (∂Cv/∂V)T = 0
(b) A gas is found to obey the equation of state P(V-b)=RT. Show that its Cp
does not change with changes in pressure at constant temperature. [8+8]
4. For the following determine the ration of the fugacity in the final state to that in
the initial state for steam undergoing the isothermal change of state: From 9,000
kPa and 4000 C to 300 kPa. [16]
5. Explain in detail about the P,T-flash calculations. [16]
6. Consider a vessel which initially contains only n0 mol of water vapour .If decom-
position occurs according to the reaction.
H2O ! H2 + 1/2O2
Find expression which relate the number of moles and the mole fraction of each
chemical species to the reaction co-ordinate ε [16]
7. Explain in detail how EMP pathway can be used in five different pathways. [16]
8. Write Short notes
(a) Degree of Reduction
(b) Stoichiometric coefficients [8+8]
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
CHEMICAL AND BIO-THERMODYNAMICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Pressures up to 3000 atm are to be measured with a dead-weight gauge. The piston
diameter is to be 1/8 in. What is the approximate total mass of “weights”which
must be provided for use with this guage? [8+8]
2. Steam is flowing through a horizontal, well-insulated 3-in. - ID iron pipe, 1500 ft
long. The velocity at the entrance to the pipe, where the steam is dry and saturated
at 150 psia, is 100 ft/sec. The steam discharges from the exit of the pipe into an
adiabatic reversible turbine which exhausts at 14.7 psia. The steam leaving the
turbine is in the dry-saturated condition.
(a) Calculate the horsepower produced by the turbine.
(b) Represent by a sketch on T-S plane the change in the state of the steam as it
flows through the pipe and the turbine.
(c) What is the state of the steam entering the turbine? [6+6+4]
3. Water at 450C and 10 kPa enters an adiabatic pump and is discharged at a pressure
of 8600 kPa. Assume the pump efficiency to be 75%. Calculate the work of the
pump, the temperature change of the water and the entropy change of the water.
Saturated liquid water properties at 450C are : V = 1, 010cm3 kg−1, β = 425 ×
10−6K−1and CP = 4.178kJkg−1K−1 [16]
4. (a) Write the interrelationships between partial properties.
(b) The enthalpy of a binary liquid system of species 1 and 2 at fixed T and P is
represented by
H = 400x1 + 600x2 + x1x2(40x1 + 20x2)
Where H is in J mol−1. Determine the expressions for the partial molar
enthalpies of the species 1 and 2 as a function of x1, and numerical values for
the pure species enthalpies at infinite dilution. [8+8]
5. Develop equations that apply to the limiting case of binary LLE for which the ?
phase is very dilute in species 1 and the β phase is very dilute in species 2. [16]
6. The water-gas-shift reaction;
CO(g) + H2O(g) − − − − − −CO2(g) + H2(g)
Is carrier out under the different sets of conditions described below? Calculate the
fraction of steam reacted in each case. Assume the mixture behave as an ideal gas.
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Code No: RR212305 Set No. 4
(a) The reactants consist of 1 mol of H2O vapour and 1 mol of CO. The temper-
ature is 1100K and the pressure is 1 bar.
(b) Same as (a) except that the pressure is 10bar.
(c) Same as (a) accept that 2 Mol of N2 is included in the reactants.
(d) The reactants are 2 mol of H2O and 1 mol of CO. other conditions are the
same as in
(e) The reactants are 1 mol of H2O and 2 mol of CO. other conditions are the
same as in
(f) The initial mixture consists of 1mol of H2O, 1 mol of CO, and 1 Mol of CO2
other conditions are the same as in (a).
(g) Same as (a) except that the temperature is 1650K. [3+3+2+2+2+2+2]
7. Explain the relation between EMP pathway and Respiratory chain. [16]
8. Some microorganismsm exhibit growth inhibition in the presence of excess oxygen.
Assuming that the growth dependence on oxygen can be represented by
μ = μm.C02L
K02+C02L+(C2
02L/K1)
Where K02 is oxygen saturation constant
K1is inhibition constant
C02,L is the dissolved oxygen concentration
Show that the specific growth rate (μ) reaches a maximum value ( 6= μm) at a
dissolved oxygen concentration of C02,L = [K02.KI ]1/2 [16]
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GENETICS-supply 2009

Code No: RR212306 Set No. 1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. (a) Describe law of segregation
(b) law of independent assortment. [8+8]
2. What is the evidence that the genetic material of TMV {TobaccoMosiacV irus} is
RNA [6+10]
3. What two essential criteria must be met in order to execute a successful mapping
cross? [8+8]
4. Describe the conjugation process in F+ and F− bacteria. [8+8]
5. Draw and label the detail structure of metaphase chromosome. Write types of
chromosome found in human. [8+8]
6. Most mutations in a diploid organism are recessive. Why? [5+11]
7. Write the mechanism of sex determination in plants. [8+8]
8. A dextral snail is self fertilized and produces only sinistral progeny. What is the
probable genotype of this snail and its parents? [8+8]
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Code No: RR212306 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What properties of Fruit Flies and made them the organism of choice for genetics?
[5+11]
2. What is the difference in genetic material distribution in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells. Explain it’s consequences. [8+8]
3. Explain the experimental proof which forms the cytological basis of crossing over.
[8+8]
4. Distinguish among the three modes of recombination in bacteria. [5+5+6]
5. What are deletions? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. [4+12]
6. What is replica plating? Comment on its significance. [6+10]
7. Why do we believe that humans with aneuploid karyotypes occur but are usually
inviable? [4+12]
8. What is kappa in Paramecium? [4+12]
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Code No: RR212306 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Distinguish between epistatis and polygenetic inheritance. [8+8]
2. The function ascribed to the genetic material are replication, expression, storage,
and mutation. What does each of these terms mean? [4×4]
3. What is the relationship between recombination frequency and genetic distance?
[8+8]
4. Describe in brief:
(a) Transduction
(b) Transformation. [8+8]
5. Give a concise account of numerical aberrations of human chromosomes. [6+10]
6. What is meant by a conditional lethal mutation? [4+12]
7. Define lyon hypothesis. [3+13]
8. A dextral snail is self fertilized and produces only sinistral progeny. What is the
probable genotype of this snail and its parents? [8+8]
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Code No: RR212306 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May/Jun 2009
GENETICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. Define the terms:
(a) F1 generation
(b) backcross
(c) testcross
(d) pleotropism
(e) epistasis
(f) multiple factor inheritance
(g) give the genotypic ratios of a trihybrid cross using Fork method
(h) criss cross inheritance. [2+2+2+2+3+2+3]
2. Elaborate on the various contributions made in understanding transformation by
Griffith, Avery and his co-workers. [4+12]
3. Describe the mechanism of crossing over? [6+10]
4. Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the Hfr x F- crosses. [4+12]
5. Give the gametic complement, in term of acentric, dicentric, duplication and defi-
ciencies. [4×4]
6. Describe tautomerism and the way in which theis chemical event may lead to mu-
tation. [3+13]
7. Contrast the evidence leading to the explanation of the different modes of sex
determination in Drosophila and humans. [8+8]
8. State on criteria of non mendelian inheritance. [4+12]
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