MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER Question Papers (Supple, 2008)

SET : 1

1. Cell fusion studies indicated the following :

a) Experiment 1 – G1 cells fused with S cells entered into S – Phase.

b) Experiment 2 – G2 cells fused with S cells did not enter into S – Phase.

Provide a correct explanation for the results observed in the two experiments.

2. Name any three DNA viruses that induce cancers.

Discuss the mechanism of induction of cancers.

3. Why Rb gene is called a tumor suppressor gene? Support your answer.

4. Which chemical carcinogens are involved in the induction of skin cancers? Name the source of these carcinogens.

5. Write short notes on any two of the following :

a) UV – A light and the carcinogenic activity.

b) UV – B light and the carcinogenic activity.

c) UV – C light and the carcinogenic.

6. List the food components that could associated with carcinogenic activity.

List the food components that could give protection against carcinogenic activity of other compounds.

7. Compare the two techniques – Biopsy & Papsmear with reference to technical ease, results obtained, tissues to be screened and risk factors. Are they mutually exclusion techniques?

8. What properties of the tumors are considered in planning radiation dose? Why are radiation doses split over a period of time including the daily dose also being fractionated?

SET : 2

1. Rb along with E2F acts as a molecular switch critically regulating gene expression and cell cycle regulation. Describe the mechanism.

2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C – Ras oncogenes obtained from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding sequence. Suggest an explanation.

3. Define familial retinob;astoma.

4. What are xenobiotics? Describe the mecganism involved in metabolism of xenobiotics.

5. Discuss in detail the role of DNA repair enzyme in repairing mutagenic damage induced by carcinogenic agents.

6. The American Cancer Society has listed some very common warning signals as cautions. List these signals. Why is it important to check for these signals? Discuss.

7. On what principles does ultrasonography work?

Cancers in which suspected parts of the body are screened by ultrasonography?

8. Name the major conventional therapies for cancer. Summarize the role of each in cancer treatment.

SET : 3

1. Define and differentiate START and Restriction Point.

What are the factors and mechanisms controlling passage of cells through these points?

2. How does Ras protein control cell cycle? Majority of C – Ras oncogenes obtained from cancerous tissue have mutations in codon 12, 13, 59 or 61 in the coding sequence. Suggest an explanation.

3. Why Rb gene is called a tumor suppressor gene? Support your answer.

4. Discuss the role of deletion and duplication in cancer induction.

Taking a specific example, show the mechanism involved in induction of deletion and duplication.

5. What are sunscreens made of and what potential do they pose in terms of cancer induction? What role does P53 gene play in removing UV induced damage in skin?

6. Write short notes on any two of the following :

a) invasion

b) Intravasion

c) Metastatic colonization.

7. Write short notes on the usefulness of the following in cancer diagnosis :

a. anisography

b. isotope Scan

c. ultrasonography

d. mammogram.

8. Describe the 2 main types of radiation treatments, their source and the conditions that are considered for their implantation.

SET : 4

1. Describe the molecular mechanism of CdK regulation. Suppourt your answer with a diagram.

2. Name any 3 oncogenes which function as receptors and the protein encoded by their protooncogene. Discuss the role of one oncogene in inducing cancer.

3. Name the 2 different types of Retinoblastomas. Discuss the genetic basis for each.

4. Describe Ames Test in detail. Which chemicals are subjected to this test?

5. Name the different units that measure radiation energy.

Describe the rate of release of energy and its biological effects.

6. Cancer development is a multistep process. Discuss a specific example to support this concept.

7. Tumors of which part of the body can be diagnosed by endoscopy? Can any other techniques be used for diagnosis of tumor in these parts of the body? Comment.

8. Name the major conventional therapies for cancer. Summarize the role of each in cancer treatment.

METABOLIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Supple, 2006)

SET : 1

1. What is bio-conversion? Discuss the advantages of bioconversion.

2. What is permeability? Discuss the alteration of permeability.

3. Discuss the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

4. What is growth cycle? How do you recognize growth cycle peaks?

5. Explain bio-conversion of insoluble substances.

Write about cAMP deficiency

6. Write short notes on the following:

a) Jacob Monod model

b) Passive diffusion

c) Resistant mutants

d) Catbolic repression

7. Describe the amino acid regulation of RNA synthesis.

8. Write short notes on :

a) Mutation

b) Cometabolism

c) Gene dosage

d) Feed back regulation

SET : 2

1. Define bio-conversion and what are the factors important to bio-conversions?

2. What is catabolic repression? Discuss mutants resistant to repression.

3. Describe the catabolite regulation in secondary metabolism?

4. Discuss the synthesis of primary metabolites.

5. Wtite about :

a) Differential regulation by isozymes.

b) Explain feed back regulation.

6. Write short notes on the following :

a) Precursor effect

b) Gene dosage

c) Co-metabolism

d) Permeability

7. Describe the metabolic regulation in branched pathways.

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Resistant mutants

b) Diffusion

c) Mutation

d) Enzyme induction

SET : 3

1. Discuss the regulation of enzyme synthesis.

2. What is fermentation? What steps do you suggest for improving fermentation.

3. Discuss the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

4. What is permeability? Discuss the alteration of permeability.

5. Write about the following :

a) Feed back repression

b) Bioconversion of insoluble substances

6. Write short notes on the following :

a) Jacob Monod model

b) Bio-conversion

c) Gene dosage

d) Precursor effect

7. Describe the amino acid regulation of RNA synthesis.

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Co-metabolism

b) Mutation

c) Diffusion

d) Strain selection.

SET : 4

1. Discuss the avoidance of product inhibition.

2. Discuss the role of strain in improving fermentation with some examples.

3. Explain the procedures of secondary metabolites.

4. What is permeability? Discuss the alteration of permeability.

5. Write about differential regulation by isozymes.

Define diffusion? Explain passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

6. Write short notes on the :

a) Jacob Monod model

b) Precursor effect

c) Catabolic repression

d) Gene dosage

7. Describe amino acid regulation of RNA synthesis.

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Feed back regulation

b) Mutation

c) Bio-conversions

d) cAMP deficiency

METABOLIC ENGINEERING Question Papers (Regular, 2007)

SET : 1

1. Describe in detail positive and negative control of gene expression by citing the example of lac operon.

2. Write about different enzymes required for the synthesis of cAMP.

3. How do you apply the principle of metabolic engineering to the synthesis of tryptophan. Explain in detail.

4. Discuss the different parameters required for limiting end product accumulation.

5. Write notes on :

a) Secondary metabolites

b) Idiophase.

6. How does carry out the bioconversion reaction for insoluble substrate. Discuss in detail.

7. Discuss different kinds of bioconversions with suitable examples.

8. Explain the phenomena of feed back repression in resistant mutants.

BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS-SUPPLY 2K8

Code No: RR422307 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May 2008
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are biological sensors ? Explain briefly differences among Biosensors, Chem-
ical sensors and Physical sensors. [16]
2. With respect to Sensors in general, what do you understand by
(a) Time constant
(b) Resolution
(c) Response time. [16]
3. Describe briefly
(a) Bilayer Lipid membranes
(b) Chemoreceptions. [16]
4. What is the working principle of Inductive sensor? What are its advantages? [16]
5. Write about the medical applications and working of Microdialysis Biosensor with
a neat diagram. [16]
6. Give an account on the following biosensors used in Online Monitoring
(a) Potentiometric Biosensors
(b) Amperometric Biosensors [8+8]
7. Explain about the errors in construction of Complex Molecular structure. [16]
8. Explain in detail about the following
(a) Assembly of Photonic biomolecular memory store.
(b) DNA Computation. [8+8]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: RR422307 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May 2008
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What do you understand by molecular recognition? Explain briefly the simplest
mechanism for an enzyme catalyzed reaction. [16]
2. What do you understand by surface modification in Biosensors? Explain covalent
modification of Surfaces. [16]
3. What do you understand by “Photometric Transducers”? What is the use of wave
guide in the Photometric Transducers? [16]
4. Describe briefly the following:
(a) Piezo resistive effect
(b) Pyro electric effect
(c) Magnetostiction. [16]
5. Write about the applications and uses of Biosensors in clinical chemistry ,medicine
and healthcare. [16]
6. Explain about Laboratory based and Field Analytical based biosensors in Environ-
mental Monitoring. [16]
7. Write about the Carter’s list on number of possible Memory storage devices. [16]
8. Write about a two dimensional memory store Model with larger domains. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1 of 1
Code No: RR422307 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May 2008
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What are biological sensors ? Explain briefly differences among Biosensors, Chem-
ical sensors and Physical sensors. [16]
2. What do you understand by Biological recognition Elements? Indicate primaries
categories of Enzymes used in Biosensors? [16]
3. What do you understand by Zero - Order sensors ? Indicate a simple linear rela-
tionship between Response and analyte concentration. [16]
4. Briefly describe the use of Bipolar circuits, MOS Circuits and Integrated Optics in
sensor technology. [16]
5. Explain in detail about the following used in various industries.
(a) Laboratory Analyser
(b) Flow devices [8+8]
6. Write about the signal transducers used in Environmental Monitoring.
(a) Potentiometric
(b) Amperometric
(c) Optical
(d) Piezoelectric [4+4+4+4]
7. Give an account on the potential advantages of a Biomolecular computer. [16]
8. Explain how a chromophore is used to create memory store in a photonic computer.
[16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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Code No: RR422307 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, May 2008
BIOSENSORS AND BIOELECTRONICS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
1. What do you understand by
(a) Entrapment
(b) Cross Linking
(c) Biological binding in Biosensors. [16]
2. With respect to Sensors in general, what do you understand by
(a) Time constant
(b) Resolution
(c) Response time. [16]
3. Explain in detail the working of a typical strain gauge type of transducer for mea-
surement of pressure. [16]
4. Briefly describe the working principle of Piezoelectric crystal based sensor. [16]
5. Give an account on Optic or Optoelectronic Biosensors and uses in various indus-
tries. [16]
6. Explain in detail about the biosensors used in Environmental Monitoring. [16]
7. Explain the problems in using Conventional chips and write how they are replaced
by Biochips. [16]
8. Discuss in detail about the Commercial prospects for biomolecular computing sys-
tem. [16]
⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆ ⋆
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